Processing keyword: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, on the basis of

Mandarin Grammar Point: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, on the basis of

根据 (gēnjù) - According to, on the basis of

1. Introduction

In Mandarin Chinese, 根据 (gēnjù) is often used to indicate the basis or source of information or conclusions. It translates to "according to" or "on the basis of" in English and is commonly used in both spoken and written contexts.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

根据 (gēnjù) functions as a preposition in a sentence, introducing the reference or source for the information that follows. It can be used to cite sources, justify statements, or indicate reasoning.

Meaning, Structure, Formation

• According to: this is the primary meaning when using 根据 (gēnjù).
• Structure:
  • 根据 + source + statement.

Visual Aids

Formation Diagram

根据 (gēnjù) + Source + Statement

Example:

根据天气预报, 我们决定取消旅行。
(In this case: "According to the weather forecast, we decided to cancel the trip.")

3. Comparative Analysis

Compared with similar phrases like 依照 (yīzhào) meaning "in accordance with" and 按照 (ànzhào) meaning "according to" as well,

• 根据 (gēnjù) is often more casual and used for citing information.
• 依照 / 按照 (yīzhào / ànzhào) tends to be more formal and applicable in legal or strict contexts.

Summary of Differences

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal: 根据报告，公司的利润在上涨。
   • Translation: According to the report, the company’s profits are increasing.
2. Informal: 根据我的朋友，那个餐厅很好吃。
   • Translation: According to my friend, that restaurant is very delicious.
3. Written: 根据研究结果，我们需要重新评估我们的策略。
   • Translation: According to the research findings, we need to reassess our strategy.
4. Spoken: 根据今天天气，我打算去公园。
   • Translation: Based on today’s weather, I plan to go to the park.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Mandarin culture, providing a basis for statements or opinions is vital. Citing sources such as studies, reports, or even personal anecdotes reflects a thoughtful approach to communication.

Levels of Politeness

Using 根据 (gēnjù) is neutral in formality. However, one might opt for phrases like "根据您的看法" (according to your opinion) to show respect and politeness, particularly in formal settings.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 根据经验 (gēnjù jīngyàn): "Based on experience"

Example: 根据经验，这种方法效果不错。 Translation: Based on experience, this method works well.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Misuse: Confusing 根据 (gēnjù) with 依照 (yīzhào) or 按照 (ànzhào) in informal contexts.
   • Tip: Remember, 根据 is more casual and frequently used in daily conversations.
2. Omission: Forgetting to include the source in a sentence.
   • Tip: Always ensure you have a credible source following 根据 to strengthen your statement.

Learning Strategies

• Use mnemonic devices: Connect the sound "gēn" (根) with "foundation" since it denotes a basis for something.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 根据 (gēnjù) is used to cite sources or bases for statements.
• It is more casual compared to other formal phrases like 依照 (yīzhào) or 按照 (ànzhào).

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does 根据 (gēnjù) mean in English?
2. How is 根据 (gēnjù) used in a sentence?
3. Compare 根据 (gēnjù) and 依照 (yīzhào). Which is more formal? By answering these questions, you will reinforce your understanding of how to use 根据 (gēnjù) effectively in Mandarin language conversations.