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Hangul is the Korean alphabet created by King Sejong the Great in 1443. Unlike many writing systems, Hangul was intentionally designed for ease of learning. Characters are organized into syllable blocks, typically with a beginning consonant, a middle vowel, and an optional final consonant.
Vertical Vowels (ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ...)
Horizontal Vowels (ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ...)
giyeok
nieun
digeut
rieul
mieum
bieup
siot
ieung
jieut
chieut
kieuk
tieut
pieup
hieut
ssang-giyeok
ssang-digeut
ssang-bieup
ssang-siot
ssang-jieut
a
ya
eo
yeo
o
yo
u
yu
eu
i
ae
yae
e
ye
wa
wae
oe
wo
we
wi
ui
Batchim Neutralization
Final consonants ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ are all pronounced as [t̚]
Example: 꽃 [kkot̚]
Liaison
When a syllable ending with a consonant is followed by a syllable beginning with ㅇ, the final consonant moves to the next syllable
Example: 꽃이 → [kko-chi]
Assimilation
When ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ are followed by ㄴ or ㅁ, they change to [ㅇ], [ㄴ], [ㅁ]
Example: 학년 [항-nyeon]
Palatalization
When ㄷ or ㅌ are followed by ㅣ, they change to [ㅈ] or [ㅊ]
Example: 같이 [ga-chi]
final giyeok
final nieun
final digeut
final rieul
final mieum
final bieup
final siot
final ieung
final jieut
final chieut
final kieuk
final tieut
final pieup
final hieut
giyeok-siot
nieun-jieut
nieun-hieut
rieul-giyeok
rieul-mieum
rieul-bieup
rieul-siot
rieul-tieut
rieul-pieup
rieul-hieut
bieup-siot
ㄱ + ㅏ
ㄴ + ㅏ
ㄷ + ㅏ
ㅁ + ㅏ
ㅂ + ㅏ
ㅅ + ㅏ
ㅇ + ㅏ
ㅈ + ㅏ
ㅊ + ㅏ
ㅋ + ㅏ
ㅌ + ㅏ
ㅍ + ㅏ
ㅎ + ㅏ
ㄱ + ㅏ + ㄱ
ㄱ + ㅏ + ㄴ
ㄷ + ㅏ + ㄹ
ㅂ + ㅏ + ㅁ
ㅂ + ㅏ + ㅂ
ㅂ + ㅣ + ㅊ
ㅇ + ㅏ + ㄴ
ㅇ + ㅣ + ㄺ
ㅈ + ㅏ + ㄹ
ㅈ + ㅏ + ㅇ
ㅊ + ㅐ + ㄱ
ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄱ
ㄱ + ㅐ
ㄱ + ㅘ + ㅣ
ㄱ + ㅜ + ㅣ
ㄴ + ㅔ
ㄴ + ㅚ
ㄷ + ㅙ
ㅁ + ㅝ
ㅂ + ㅚ
ㅅ + ㅞ
ㅇ + ㅚ
ㅇ + ㅢ
ㅇ + ㅙ
Name
Korea
Food
School
Friend
Family
Time
Hangul pronunciation can change depending on position and surrounding sounds:
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