Processing keyword: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to

Mandarin Grammar Point: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to

根据 (gēnjù) - According to

1. Introduction

"根据" (gēnjù) is a versatile phrase in Mandarin Chinese that translates to "according to" in English. It is often used to introduce sources of information or authority when stating facts, opinions, or decisions.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

1. Meaning: "根据" means "based on" or "according to" and is used to indicate the source of information, reasoning, or conclusions.
2. Structure:
   • Subject + 根据 + Source + Verb/Statement
   • Example: 我根据你的建议来做决定。 (Wǒ gēnjù nǐ de jiànyì lái zuò juédìng.) - I made a decision according to your suggestion.

Formation Diagram

Subject + 根据 + Source + Verb/Statement

3. Comparative Analysis

"根据" (gēnjù) is similar to phrases like "根据...的说法" (gēnjù… de shuōfǎ) meaning “according to... the saying” but is more concise. It is also different from "依照" (yīzhào) which has a more formal connotation and is often used in legal or official contexts.

Differences:

• 根据: casual, general usage.
• 依照: formal, often used in legal documents.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:
   • 根据最新的调查，90%的消费者支持这个政策。
     • (Gēnjù zuìxīn de diàochá, 90% de xiāofèizhě zhīchí zhège zhèngcè.)
     • According to the latest survey, 90% of consumers support this policy.
2. Informal:
   • 根据他的话，我们明天去看电影。
     • (Gēnjù tā de huà, wǒmen míngtiān qù kàn diànyǐng.)
     • According to what he said, we will go watch a movie tomorrow.
3. Written:
   • 根据政府的声明，新的税法将在下个月生效。
     • (Gēnjù zhèngfǔ de shēngmíng, xīn de shuìfǎ jiāng zài xià gè yuè shēngxiào.)
     • According to the government's statement, the new tax law will take effect next month.
4. Spoken:
   • 我觉得根据天气预报，今天可能会下雨。
     • (Wǒ juéde gēnjù tiānqì yùbào, jīntiān kěnéng huì xià yǔ.)
     • I think according to the weather forecast, it might rain today.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Using "根据" correctly reflects a respect for information sources in Chinese culture. Providing a basis for statements or opinions shows thoughtfulness. Politeness levels may vary when discussing authoritative sources in casual vs. formal settings.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 根据事实 (gēnjù shìshí): According to the facts.
• 根据经验 (gēnjù jīngyàn): According to experience.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Incorrect Use of Source: Learners may confuse "根据" with phrases that don’t imply authority.
   • Wrong: 根据我想（gēnjù wǒ xiǎng）.
   • Correct: 根据我的理解 (gēnjù wǒ de lǐjiě) - According to my understanding.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that 根据 (gēnjù) starts with "g" like "grounding" information; it helps to connect statements to a basis or source.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• "根据" (gēnjù) means "according to" and is used to cite sources.
• The structure is straightforward: Subject + 根据 + Source + Verb/Statement.
• It's vital for formal and informal speech to provide credibility.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Translate: “According to the report, sales have increased.”

   • Answer: 根据报告，销售增加了。

2. Structure a sentence using "根据" about your favorite food.

   • Example: 根据我的口味，我最喜欢披萨。

3. What is a more formal synonym for "根据"?

   • Answer: 依照 (yīzhào)

Feel free to practice using "根据" in different contexts and make sure to refer back to the examples provided for guidance! Processing keyword: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to

Mandarin Grammar Point: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to

根据 (gēnjù) - According to

1. Introduction

根据 (gēnjù) is a commonly used preposition in Mandarin that means "according to" or "based on." It is often used to reference sources of information, such as reports, studies, or opinions.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

根据 (gēnjù) indicates that what follows is derived from an authoritative source or foundation. It is used to present information or opinions that rely on external references.

Structure

The basic structure of using 根据 is as follows:

根据 + Source/Information + (Subject + Verb + Object)

Formation Diagram

根据 + Source
    |
    +-->  主语 (Subject)
            |
            +--> 动词 (Verb)
                    |
                    +--> 宾语 (Object)

Detailed Explanation

1. Source of Information: The information that follows 根据 can be a report, an article, research findings, etc.
2. Subject: The main focus of the sentence.
3. Verb and Object: The action performed by the subject towards the object.

3. Comparative Analysis

根据 (gēnjù) is often compared to other phrases such as:

• 依照 (yīzhào): Means "in accordance with" and is more formal.
• 按照 (ànzhào): Translates to "following" or "according to," often used for rules or guidelines.

Differences

• 根据 (gēnjù) is used in various contexts, including informal, while 依照 (yīzhào) is primarily formal.
• According to the subject of the sentence, these phrases may indicate different levels of authority.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:

   • 根据最新的数据，经济在逐渐复苏。
     • According to the latest data, the economy is gradually recovering.

2. Informal Context:

   • 根据小李的说法，咱们今天去游泳吧。
     • According to Xiaoli, let's go swimming today.

3. Written Context:

   • 根据这篇文章，学习第二语言有许多好处。
     • According to this article, learning a second language has many benefits.

4. Spoken Context:

   • 根据我听到的，明天会下雨。
     • According to what I've heard, it will rain tomorrow.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Chinese culture, referencing credible sources is important in communication, especially in formal settings. Using 根据 demonstrates that your statement is backed by reliable information.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

Using 根据 in formal environments (like business meetings) is considered polite, showcasing that you respect the opinions and facts presented by others.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 根据调查 (gēnjù diàochá): "According to the survey"
  • This phrase is frequently used in academic and professional discussions.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Confusion with 依照 (yīzhào) and 按照 (ànzhào) in casual conversations.

   • Tip: Use 根据 (gēnjù) for broader references, and reserve 依照 for formal contexts.

2. Forgetting to clarify the source.

   • Tip: Always state the source clearly after 根据 to avoid ambiguity.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "根据" as "give basis" to associate it with backing up statements.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 根据 (gēnjù) means "according to" and is used to reference information.
• Structure includes a source followed by a subject, verb, and object.
• It is distinguished from similar phrases by its level of formality and context of use.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does 根据 (gēnjù) mean in English?
2. In what context would you typically use according to the latest data?
3. What are two phrases similar to 根据, and how do they differ? Answers:
4. According to.
5. To reference the latest data in a discussion or report.
6. 依照 (yīzhào) is more formal; 按照 (ànzhào) is used for rules.