Processing keyword: ~(으)십시오 [(eu)sipsio] (Please)

Korean Grammar Point: ~(으)십시오 [(eu)sipsio] (Please)

Grammar Point: ~(으)십시오 [(eu)sipsio] (Please)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~(으)십시오 is used to make polite requests or commands in Korean. It is a formal way of asking someone to do something and is commonly used in both spoken and written Korean.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: The suffix ~(으)십시오 is attached to the verb stem to express a polite or formal command/request.
• Structure:
  • If the verb stem ends with a consonant, attach -십시오.
  • If the verb stem ends with a vowel, attach -십시오 directly.
  • If the verb stem ends with the batchim (final consonant), you add -(으)십시오 based on morphology.

Formation Diagram

3. Comparative Analysis

• Similar Grammar Points:
  • -아/어 보세요: Another way to make a request, but it’s less formal. Used more among friends or peers.
  • -주세요: This translates to "please give/offer" and can be used for specific items or services, while ~(으)십시오 can command a broader range of actions.

Differences

• Formality: ~(으)십시오 is more formal compared to -아/어 보세요 and -주세요.
• Usage Context: Use ~(으)십시오 in formal settings like speeches, public announcements, or with strangers, while the other forms are used in casual discussions.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Request:
   • Korean: 이 문서를 읽으십시오.
   • Translation: Please read this document.
2. Command in a Meeting:
   • Korean: 지금 발표를 시작하십시오.
   • Translation: Please start the presentation now.
3. Request in Public:
   • Korean: 조용히 하십시오.
   • Translation: Please be quiet.
4. Instruction:
   • Korean: 이쪽으로 오십시오.
   • Translation: Please come this way.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• In Korean culture, politeness and respect are highly valued, especially towards elders or people in authority. Using ~(으)십시오 shows that you acknowledge the social hierarchy and maintain appropriate respect.

Levels of Politeness

• Formal Speech: Used in official communications, among strangers, or in customer service.
• Informal Speech: Use forms like -아/어 주세요 in casual settings.

Idiomatic Expressions

• “어디 가십시오?” (Where are you going, please?) is a polite way to inquire about someone’s destination.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Frequent Errors: Confusing the attachment of -십시오 with the casual forms. Learners may use informal endings in formal situations.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that "시" indicates honorifics in Korean. The ending “-십시오” connects the politeness level with the action.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~(으)십시오 is a formal polite form used to make requests or commands.
• It changes based on the verb stem's final sound.
• It’s essential for maintaining politeness in various social contexts.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What is the polite form of "가다" (to go)?
2. How would you say "Please sit" using the formal request?
3. Where and when would you typically use ~(으)십시오?

Feel free to explore further usages of this grammar point in your conversations!