Processing keyword: ~(으)십시오 [(eu)sipsio] (Please)
Korean Grammar Point: ~(으)십시오 [(eu)sipsio] (Please)
1. Introduction
In Korean, politeness and formality are crucial aspects of communication. The verb ending ~(으)십시오 is a polite imperative form used to make formal requests or give commands respectfully. It's commonly found in formal situations, such as in business settings, public announcements, or formal writing.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
The ending ~(으)십시오 is equivalent to saying "Please do..." in English. It's used to politely ask someone to perform an action.
Structure
To form the ~(으)십시오 ending, attach it to the verb stem following these rules:
- If the verb stem ends with a consonant: Add 으십시오
- If the verb stem ends with a vowel: Add 십시오
Formation Diagram
| Verb Infinitive (다 form) | Verb Stem | Ends with Consonant/Vowel | Add | Resulting Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 가다 (to go) | 가 | Vowel | -십시오 | 가십시오 |
| 먹다 (to eat) | 먹 | Consonant | -으십시오 | 먹으십시오 |
| 열다 (to open) | 열 | Consonant | -으십시오 | 여십시오 |
| 오다 (to come) | 오 | Vowel | -십시오 | 오십시오 |
Visual Aid: Formation Flowchart
A[Verb Infinitive (다)] --> B[Remove 다]
B --> C{Does stem end with consonant?}
C -- Yes --> D[Add 으십시오]
C -- No --> E[Add 십시오]
D & E --> F[Final Form]
3. Comparative Analysis
~(으)십시오 vs. ~(으)세요
Both endings are used to make polite requests or commands, but they differ in formality. | Ending | Formality Level | Usage Context | |--------------|-----------------|--------------------------------| | ~(으)십시오 | Formal Polite | Formal settings, business, public announcements | | ~(으)세요 | Informal Polite | Everyday conversation, casual settings |
4. Examples in Context
Formal Situations
- 안으로 들어오십시오.
- Please come inside.
- 여기에 이름을 쓰십시오.
- Please write your name here.
- 질문이 있으시면 손을 드십시오.
- If you have a question, please raise your hand.
Public Announcements
- 조용히 하십시오.
- Please be quiet.
- 휴대전화를 사용하지 마십시오.
- Please do not use your mobile phones.
Written Instructions
- 버튼을 누르십시오.
- Please press the button.
- 양식을 작성하십시오.
- Please fill out the form.
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
- Hierarchy and Respect: Korean culture places a strong emphasis on hierarchy and respectful language. Using ~(으)십시오 shows respect, especially towards someone of higher status or in formal situations.
- Formal Settings: This ending is appropriate in workplaces, formal events, or when addressing customers.
Idiomatic Expressions
- 살펴 가십시오.
- Please take care on your way.
- 편히 쉬십시오.
- Please rest comfortably.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Error Analysis
- Using the Wrong Ending: Mixing up ~(으)십시오 with informal endings like ~(으)세요 in formal settings can be impolite.
- Incorrect Attachment: Forgetting to add 으 when the verb stem ends with a consonant.
Learning Strategies
- Mnemonic for Consonant Ends: If it "ends hard (consonant)," it needs an extra cushion (으) before 십시오.
- Practice with Common Verbs: Write sentences using verbs you frequently use to become comfortable with the ending.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- ~(으)십시오 is a formal polite imperative ending meaning "Please do...".
- Attach 십시오 to verb stems ending with vowels, and 으십시오 to those ending with consonants.
- Used in formal settings to show respect.
Quick Recap Quiz
- How do you say "Please read this book" formally? a) 이 책을 읽으십시오.
- Choose the correct form: 앉___십시오.
a) 아십시오
b) 으십시오
c) 십시오 Answer: c) 앉으십시오. - True or False: ~(으)십시오 is appropriate for casual conversations with friends. Answer: False
Feel free to practice by creating your own sentences using ~(으)십시오 to become more familiar with this polite form!