Processing keyword: ~했더니 [haetdeoni] (And then)

Korean Grammar Point: ~했더니 [haetdeoni] (And then)

TOPIK Grammar Explanation: ~했더니 (haetdeoni)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~했더니 (haetdeoni) is used to express a result or consequence that occurs after performing an action. This structure is particularly useful for narrating events and is often used in storytelling.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

~했더니 is a combination of the verb stem + 했 (from 하다, to do) + 더니.

Structure:

• Verb Stem + 했더니

Meaning:

• It implies that after completing an action (the verb), there is a result or a reaction that follows.

Formation Diagram:

[Verb Stem] + 했더니 → Result/Consequence

3. Comparative Analysis

~했더니 can be compared to other forms that express cause and effect or sequencing:

• ~고 나서: This also indicates a sequence but focuses more on the passage of time.
• ~고: This is used to simply connect two actions without emphasizing the consequence.

Example Differences:

• ~했더니: "I studied, and then I passed the exam." (emphasizes that the result came as a consequence)
• ~고 나서: "I studied, and then after that, I passed the exam." (focuses more on the actions in sequence)
• ~고: "I studied and passed the exam." (just linking without causation)

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:
   • 한국어를 공부했더니, 시험에 합격했습니다.
   • (I studied Korean, and then I passed the exam.)
2. Informal Context:
   • 친구에게 물어봤더니, 그 장소에 가본 적이 없대.
   • (I asked my friend, and then they said they have never been to that place.)
3. Written Context:
   • 일을 마쳤더니, 매우 피곤해졌다.
   • (After finishing the work, I became very tired.)
4. Spoken Context:
   • 어제 영화를 봤더니, 너무 재미있었어!
   • (I watched a movie yesterday, and then it was so interesting!)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Korean culture values indirect communication and subtleties in sharing experiences. Using ~했더니 helps convey not just actions, but also reactions, which is important in friendly storytelling situations.

Levels of Politeness

This structure can be used in both formal and informal situations, but the verb tense and politeness level of the preceding verb will affect the overall formality.

Idiomatic Expressions

While there aren't many idiomatic expressions using ~했더니, you might hear it in conversational sequences:

• "문을 열었더니 바람이 불어왔다." (I opened the door, and then the wind came in.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Incorrect Verb Form: Some learners may forget to correctly conjugate the verb stem before adding 했더니.
2. Using With Present Tense: ~했더니 specifically implies that an action was completed before another event. Avoid using it with ongoing actions.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic: Remember that ~했더니 can be associated with "after doing," which reminds you that it connects a completed action to its outcome.
• Practice by creating simple sequences of your daily activities using ~했더니.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~했더니 connects completed actions with their results.
• It reflects a narrative style commonly used in storytelling.
• It can be used in both formal and informal settings.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does ~했더니 express in a sentence?
2. Provide an example of ~했더니 in a formal context.
3. Compare ~했더니 with ~고 나서 and explain the difference.