Processing keyword: ~해서는 안 되다 [haeseoneun an dweda] (Must not do)

Korean Grammar Point: ~해서는 안 되다 [haeseoneun an dweda] (Must not do)

Detailed Grammar Explanation: ~해서는 안 되다 [haeseoneun an dweda] (Must not do)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~해서는 안 되다 is used to indicate that something is prohibited or should not be done. It expresses a strong sense of obligation or a negative command against an action. This can be seen in contexts where rules, restrictions, or personal beliefs are emphasized.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• ~해서는 안 되다 literally translates to "must not do" or "is not allowed to." It signifies a prohibition or an action considered inappropriate.

Structure

The structure can be broken down as follows:

• Verb Stem + -해서는 안 되다

Formation Diagram

• Verb Stem + -해서는 안 되다
  (drink → 마시다 → 마셔서 → 마셔서는 안 되다)

Visual Aids

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

• ~면 안 되다 [myeon an dweda]: This structure also indicates prohibition but is typically used with conditional clauses.
  Example: "가면 안 돼요" (You must not go).

Differences

• ~해서는 안 되다 specifically denotes prohibited actions directly.
• ~면 안 되다 can imply a condition where the action must not be taken if something else occurs.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

• Formal:

  • 교실에서 떠들어서는 안 됩니다.
    (You must not talk in the classroom.)

• Informal:

  • 여기서 노래 부르면 안 돼!
    (You must not sing here!)

• Written:

  • 이 행동은 법적으로 해서는 안 되는 일입니다.
    (This action is something that should not be done legally.)

• Spoken:

  • 그렇게 하면 안 돼!
    (You must not do it that way!)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, the use of prohibitive language is often linked to respect and social hierarchy. It's common to be polite when giving prohibitions, especially in formal settings. Using ~해서는 안 되다 indicates a serious tone, often used when discussing rules or moral actions.

Levels of Politeness

This structure is versatile and can be adapted to various speech levels, but care must be taken to maintain appropriate respect in conversations, especially with elders or superiors.

Idiomatic Expressions

• "이런 말을 해서는 안 돼!" (You mustn't say that!). This reflects cultural sensitivity regarding communication.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Common Errors: Confusing ~해서는 안 되다 with soft suggestions like ~해야 한다 (should).
• Learners might misuse it in casual contexts when a softer directive is more appropriate.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "여기서 하지 마세요" (Please don’t do it here!) associates the prohibition with a negative command feel similar to ~해서는 안 되다.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~해서는 안 되다 is used to express strong prohibitions.
• It is formed by adding '해서는 안 되다' after the verb stem.
• Distinct from similar structures that imply conditional restrictions.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does ~해서는 안 되다 mean?
2. Provide an example sentence using this grammar point.
3. Compare ~해서는 안 되다 with ~면 안 되다. These questions will reinforce understanding and help identify key concepts related to prohibitive expressions in Korean.