Korean Grammar Point
~하여야만 [hayeoyaman] (Only when)

~하여야만 [hayeoyaman] (Only when)

Short explanation:

This is used to indicate that a certain condition must be satisfied in order for something else to happen.

Formation:

verb-stem + ~하여야만 + Positive verb

Examples:

일찍 기상하여야만 출근시간에 도착할 수 있어요.
Iljjik gisanghayeoyaman chulgooksigane dochakhal su isseoyo.
I can only arrive at work on time if I get up early.
당신의 결장을 받아들여주신 의사와 상의하여야만 수술 계획을 변경할 수 있습니다.
Dangsineui gyeoljangeul badadeulyeojusin uisawa sangyihayeoyaman susul gyehoekul byeongyeokhal su issseubnida.
Only when you consult with the doctor who accepted your case can you change the surgery plan.
고정적인 수입이 있어야만 주택대출을 받을 수 있습니다.
Gojeongjeogin suipi isseoyaman jutakdaechurul badul su issseubnida.
Only when you have a regular income can you get a housing loan.
훈련에 잘 따라하여야만 시험에 합격 할 수 있어요.
Hunlyene jal ttarahayeoyaman siheome hapgyeok hal su isseoyo.
Only when you follow the training well can you pass the exam.

Long explanation:

'~하여야만 [hayeoyaman]' is a grammar point in Korean that is used when a certain condition or criteria must be met for something else to occur. It's equivalent to 'only when' in English. It stresses the singularness of the condition and is often used to tell someone what they should do in order for something to happen, or to describe a prerequisite.

Detailed Grammar notes:

Processing keyword: ~하여야만 [hayeoyaman] (Only when)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하여야만 [hayeoyaman] (Only when)

Korean Grammar Lesson: ~하여야만 [hayeoyaman] (Only When)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~하여야만 (pronounced hayeoyaman) is used in Korean to express the meaning of "only when" or "only if." It emphasizes that a certain condition must be met for the result or action in the main clause to occur. This form is often used in formal writing and speeches.


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

  • ~하여야만 is used to stress that only when the action or state in the preceding clause is fulfilled, the action or result in the following clause can happen.
  • It adds emphasis to the necessity of the condition.

Structure

The structure combines a verb stem with ~하여야만.

**Verb Stem + 하여야만 + [Result Clause]**

Formation Diagram

Let's break down the formation:

  1. Identify the verb stem. For verbs ending with 하다 (to do), remove to get the stem .
  2. Add 하여야만 after the stem.
Verb Stem | + 하여야만 | Meaning
----------|------------|---------
하        | 하여야만   | Only when [do]
공부하    | 공부하여야만 | Only when [study]
준비하    | 준비하여야만 | Only when [prepare]

For other verbs, the more commonly used forms are ~아야만, ~어야만, but they serve the same function.

Visual Aid: Flowchart of Usage

graph TD;
    A[Verb Stem] --> B[Attach 하여야만];
    B --> C[Complete Conditional Clause];
    C --> D[Add Result Clause];

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

  • ~해야만: A contraction of ~하여야만, more commonly used in spoken Korean.
  • ~아야만/어야만: Used with verb stems that do not end with 하다.
    Grammar Point Usage Nuance
    ~하여야만 Formal, verbs ending with 하다 Emphasizes necessity
    ~해야만 Less formal, spoken form Same meaning as above
    ~아야만/어야만 Verbs not ending with 하다 Same function for other verbs

4. Examples in Context

Formal Writing Examples

  1. 노력하여야만 성공할 수 있습니다.
    • Noryeokhayeoyaman seonggonghal su isseumnida.
    • "Only when you make an effort can you succeed."
  2. 준비를 철저히 하여야만 문제가 없을 것입니다.
    • Junbireul cheoljeohi hayeoyaman munjega eopseul geosimnida.
    • "Only when you prepare thoroughly will there be no problems."

Informal Spoken Examples

  1. 열심히 공부해야만 시험을 잘 볼 수 있어.
    • Yeolsimhi gongbuhaeyaman siheomeul jal bol su isseo.
    • "Only when you study hard can you do well on the exam."
  2. 시간을 지켜야만 약속을 믿을 수 있어.
    • Siganeul jikyeoyaman yaksogeul mideul su isseo.
    • "Only when you are punctual can I trust your promise."

Conversation Example

  • A: 왜 그렇게 서두르고 있어요?
    • Wae geureoke seodureugo isseoyo?
    • "Why are you in such a hurry?"
  • B: 지금 출발하여야만 시간에 맞출 수 있어요.
    • Jigeum chulbalhayeoyaman sigane matchul su isseoyo.
    • "Only if we leave now can we make it on time."

5. Cultural Notes

Levels of Politeness and Formality

  • ~하여야만 is more formal and is commonly found in written texts, official documents, and formal speeches.
  • In everyday conversations, Koreans often use ~해야만 or ~아야만/어야만.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • 사람은 꿈이 있어야만 삽니다.
    • Sarameun kkumi isseoyaman samnida.
    • "Only when people have dreams do they live (meaningfully)."

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

  1. Using the wrong verb ending: Incorrect: 공부해야만 (when using 하다 verbs with ~하여야만)

    Correct: 공부하여야만

  2. Confusing with simple necessity forms:

    • ~해야 한다 means "must do," lacking the "only when" emphasis.

Tips

  • Mnemonic Device: Remember that 하여야만 has meaning "only," emphasizing exclusivity.
  • Consistency: Use ~하여야만 with 하다 verbs for formal writing; use ~아야만/어야만 with other verbs.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~하여야만 means "only when" and emphasizes that a condition is necessary for the result.
  • Used primarily with 하다 verbs in formal contexts.
  • Alternative forms like ~해야만, ~아야만/어야만 are used in less formal situations.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. How do you form ~하여야만 with the verb 준비하다?
    • Answer: 준비하여야만
  2. What is the primary difference between ~하여야만 and ~해야 한다?
    • Answer: ~하여야만 means "only when," emphasizing necessity for the result; ~해야 한다 means "must do," indicating obligation.
  3. Translate to Korean: "Only when you listen carefully can you understand."
    • Answer: 주의 깊게 들어야만 이해할 수 있어요.

By mastering ~하여야만, you can express conditions with greater nuance and formality in Korean!

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