Processing keyword: ~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an dweda] (Must not)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an dweda] (Must not)

Grammar Point: ~하여서는 안 되다 [hayeoseoneun an dweda] (Must not)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~하여서는 안 되다 is used in Korean to express prohibition. It indicates that an action is not allowed or must not happen. Understanding this structure is essential for communicating rules, guidelines, and social norms in both formal and informal settings.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: ~하여서는 안 되다 translates to "must not," "should not," or "is not allowed to."
• Structure: The structure can be broken down into three main components:
  • Verb Stem: The verb that describes the action.
  • ~하여서는: The formal connective form of the action (the suffix ~하- is added to verbs).
  • 안 되다: Means "it must not be" or "it is not permitted."

Formation Diagram

1. Base Verb (하) + ~하여서는 + 안 + 되다
   • Example: 가다 (to go) → 가서는 안 되다 (must not go)

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

1. ~면 안 되다 (should not)
   • Similar meaning but more general.
   • Example: 이것을 먹으면 안 되다 (You must not eat this).
2. ~하지 말아야 한다 (must not do)
   • Another way to express prohibition with a slightly more casual tone.
   • Example: 늦지 말아야 한다 (You must not be late). Table of Comparison:

     Grammar Point	Meaning	Usage Context
     ~하여서는 안 되다	Must not	Formal contexts or rules
     ~면 안 되다	Should not	Casual and formal contexts
     ~하지 말아야 한다	Must not do	Slightly less formal, spoken

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Setting:
   • 전시회에서는 사진을 찍어서는 안 됩니다.
     • Translation: "You must not take pictures at the exhibition."
2. Written Context:
   • 계약 조건에 따라, 이행하지 않으면 법적인 책임을 물어서는 안 됩니다.
     • Translation: "According to the contract terms, you must not be held legally responsible if you do not perform."
3. Informal Conversation:
   • 학교에서는 담배를 피워서는 안 돼!
     • Translation: "You must not smoke at school!"
4. Spoken Context:
   • 여기서 큰 소리로 말해서는 안 돼요.
     • Translation: "You must not speak loudly here."

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, respecting rules and social norms is crucial. Using ~하여서는 안 되다 when explaining rules reflects an awareness of the importance of etiquette. It is often used in formal situations such as schools, workplaces, or public events to convey authority and consensus about conduct.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 법을 어겨서는 안 됩니다: "You must not break the law."
• 친구 사이에는 비밀을 지켜서는 안 돼요: "You must not keep secrets among friends."

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Incorrect Usage: Using ~하여서는 안 되다 in very casual contexts. It's better suited for formal situations.
• Confusion with ~면 안 되다: Some learners mix these phrases, which can lead to misunderstandings about the level of prohibition.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that ~하여서는 안 되다 expresses a stronger prohibition than simply saying something is not preferred. Think of it as a rule being enforced.
• Practice: Create sentences using this structure in various contexts to fortify your understanding and ability to use it correctly.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~하여서는 안 되다 is used to indicate that something is forbidden or must not happen.
• It is most commonly used in formal or authoritative contexts.
• Differentiating it from similar structures like ~면 안 되다 can improve clarity in communication.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you translate ~하여서는 안 되다 into English?
2. Provide an example using this grammar structure in a formal context.
3. What is a common mistake learners might make with this grammar point? Feel free to practice constructing sentences using this grammar point for better retention!