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Korean Grammar Point
~하기에 [hakie] (For, considering)

~하기에 [hakie] (For, considering)

Short explanation:

Used to provide a reason or basis for a situation or circumstance; 'for', 'considering'.

Formation:

Descriptive Verb + 기에

Examples:

그의 나이에 비해 축구 실력이 매우 좋아서, 프로 팀 진출이 가능하기에 노력하고 있다.
Geuui naie bihae chukgu silryeogi maeu johaseo, pro tim jincheuli ganeunghakie noryeokhago itda.
Considering his age, his soccer skills are very good, so he is making efforts to join a professional team.
그 직업은 수입이 많지만 스트레스도 많이 받아서, 건강을 위한 선택이 아닐 수도 있기에 세심하게 고려해야 한다.
Geu jig-eob-eun su-ib-i manhjiman seuteuleseu-do manh-i bad-a-seo, geongang-eul wihan seontaeg-i anil sudo itgihakie sesimhage golyeohae ya handa.
That job brings in a lot of income but also a lot of stress; for the sake of health, it might not be the right choice, so it should be carefully considered.
재료가 너무 많아 필요 없는 것들을 버리기에는 아깝다.
Jaeryoga neomu manha piryo eomneun geotdeureul beorigieneun akapda.
There are too many ingredients to throw away the unnecessary ones, considering it would be a waste.
최근의 날씨 변화를 고려하면, 내일 피크닉 가기에는 너무 더울 것 같아.
Choegeuie nalssi byeonhwaleul goryeohamyeon, naeil pikeunik gakien neomu deoul geot gata.
Considering the recent weather changes, I think it would be too hot to go for a picnic tomorrow.

Long explanation:

'~하기에 [hakie]' is a grammar point in Korean that is used to present a reason or basis for a certain circumstance or situation. It can be translated as 'for the sake of' or 'considering' in English. It generally follows a descriptive verb and holds the connotation of justification or substantiation for a situation or decision.

Detailed Grammar notes:

Processing keyword: ~하기에 [hakie] (For, considering)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하기에 [hakie] (For, considering)

Grammar Point: ~하기에 [hakie] (For, Considering)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~하기에 is used to express the reason, justification, or grounds for an action or situation. It translates to "for" or "considering" in English, and it often precedes a clause or a verb that explains a circumstance or condition.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

~하기에 is formed by taking the verb stem, adding -하기 (the noun form of the verb, which means "to do"), followed by -에 which indicates direction or purpose. Structure:

  • Verb Stem + -하기 + -에

Meaning and Structure Diagrams

  • Example Verb: 가다 (to go)
  • Transformation:
    • 가다 → 가기에 (for going)

Formation Diagram

Verb Stem -하기 -에 Resulting Form
가다 하기 에 가기에
사다 하기 에 사기에

3. Comparative Analysis

~하기에 is often confused with similar structures such as ~므로 (because) or ~때문에 (due to). However, while ~하기에 focuses on justifying an action or making a recommendation, †므로** and **때문에** emphasize causation.

Differences:

  • ~하기에: Focuses on the justification for an action.
  • ~므로/~때문에: Emphasizes the cause of a situation.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

  1. Formal Context:

    • 이 책은 공부하기에 매우 유용합니다.
      (This book is very useful for studying.)

  2. Informal Context:

    • 날씨가 좋기 때문에 여행하기에 딱이에요.
      (The weather is nice, so it's perfect for traveling.)

  3. Written Context:

    • 이 프로그램은 사용자 친화적이니 사용하기에 간편합니다.
      (This program is user-friendly and convenient to use.)

  4. Spoken Context:

    • 운동하기에 좋은 날씨야!
      (It's a good day for exercising!)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, politeness and respect are essential. Choosing the correct speech level when interacting with others can reflect social norms. Using ~하기에 can add a more formal tone to a recommendation or justification.

Idiomatic Expressions

A common idiom using this structure might be:

  • 시간이 부족하기에 미리 준비해야 해요.
    (Considering that time is short, we need to prepare in advance.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

Learners often misuse ~하기에 by confusing it with ~때문에. Remember that ~하기에 justifies actions rather than explaining causes.

Learning Strategies

  • Mnemonic Device: Remember “가야 하기에” (I must go), which emphasizes that the justification leads to an action.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~하기에 is used for justification of an action considering circumstances.
  • It differs from ~므로 and ~때문에, which focus on causation.
  • Pay attention to the formality in communication.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. Translate the following sentence using ~하기에: "This restaurant is good for eating."
  2. How does ~하기에 differ from ~때문에?
  3. Provide an example of ~하기에 in a formal context.

End of Lesson on ~하기에 [hakie]!

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