Processing keyword: ~하기는 [hakineun] (Though, although)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하기는 [hakineun] (Though, although)

TOPIK Grammar Point: ~하기는 [hakineun] (Though, Although)

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the Korean grammar point ~하기는, which is used to express contrasts or concessions similar to "though" or "although" in English. This construction allows speakers to acknowledge one fact while simultaneously presenting another that may contrast with it.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

The structure of ~하기는 combines the verb or the adjective stem + 기 (gi) + 는 (neun). Here’s the breakdown:

• Verb/Adjective Stem: The base form of the verb or adjective without any endings.
• 기 (gi): This nominalizes the verb/adjective, turning it into a noun form ("doing", "being", etc.).
• 는 (neun): This suffix indicates that what is being said is in contrast with or provides a qualification to the main clause.

Meaning, Structure, Formation Diagram

• Literal Meaning: "As for doing...".
• Function: To present a contrasting situation or to soften a statement, allowing the speaker to acknowledge one fact while contradicting or qualifying it with another.

Formation Diagram

Verb/Adjective Stem + 기 + 는
   ↓
     ~하기는

Visual Aids

3. Comparative Analysis

While ~하기는 emphasizes contrast, it is similar to other structures such as:

• ~지만 [jiman]: This also indicates contrast but is more straightforward in structure.
  • Example: "예쁘지만 비싸요." (It's pretty, but it's expensive.)
• ~ㄴ데/는데 [nde/nente]: Used to provide background information before contrasting it.
  • Example: "예쁜데, 너무 비싸요." (It's pretty, but it's too expensive.) The key difference is that ~하기는 often focuses more on the action or state being referenced, which can make it slightly softer and more reflective.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:

   • "이 영화는 재미있기는 하지만, 조금 길어요."
     (This movie is interesting though, it's a bit long.)

2. Informal:

   • "공부하기는 어려워."
     (Studying is hard, you know.)

3. Written Context:

   • "경제 상황이 나아지기는 했지만, 여전히 문제가 많다."
     (The economic situation has improved, though there are still many problems.)

4. Spoken Context:

   • "운동하기는 좋은데 시간 없어."
     (Although exercising is good, I don't have time.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Using ~하기는 shows an awareness of the social dynamics of conversation in Korean culture. Acknowledging contrasting points reflects humility and politeness, essential in Korean interpersonal communication.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

This structure can be adapted for different levels of politeness (using formal vs. informal language). It’s acceptable in daily conversations but can also be used in written forms, making it versatile.

Idiomatic Expressions

• "일하기는 힘들다."
  (Working is hard, you see.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• **Confusing with ~지만 [jiman]: Some learners might confuse these two formats. Remember that ~하기는 focuses on the action/state.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Associate ~하기는 with "doing something but...", as it highlights contrasting perspectives.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~하기는 is used for expressing contrast or concession.
• The structure includes the verb/adjective stem, 기, and 는.
• It acknowledges one point while qualifying it with another.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does ~하기는 convey in a sentence?
2. Formulate a sentence using ~하기는 related to your hobby.
3. How does ~하기는 differ from ~지만? Feel free to practice using this grammar point in different contexts to strengthen your understanding!