Processing keyword: ~하고는 [hagoneun] (And then, after)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하고는 [hagoneun] (And then, after)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하고는 [hagoneun] (And then, after)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~하고는 is used to indicate an action or event that takes place after another action or situation. It is often translated into English as "and then" or "after (doing something)." This structure helps connect related events and sequences in storytelling or conversation.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Structure:

  • [Verb/Noun + 하곤은]

  The structure consists of two main parts:

  • A verb or noun that represents the first action/event.
  • The suffix -곤은 which follows the verb/noun.

• Formation:

  • Use the verb in its base form (dictionary form) or noun form followed by ~하고는 to indicate the sequential nature of the actions.

Visual Aid

3. Comparative Analysis

The expression ~하고는 is often compared to other similar structures like ~고 (and) and ~고 나서 (after doing).

• Differences:
  • ~하고는 implies a sequential action following a condition or event, often emphasizing the completion of the first before starting the second.
  • ~고 is simply a conjunction that connects two actions without the sequential emphasis.
  • ~고 나서 focuses on "after doing," emphasizing the time order of actions, while ~하고는 focuses more on the condition to proceed.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:

   • 회의가 끝나고는 점심을 먹겠습니다.
     • (After the meeting, I will eat lunch.)

2. Informal Context:

   • 학교 갔다가 친구를 만나고는 영화 봤어.
     • (I went to school, then met up with a friend and watched a movie.)

3. Spoken Context:

   • 일을 하고는 집에 갈 거야.
     • (I'm going to work, and then I'll go home.)

4. Written Context:

   • 수업이 끝나고는 도서관에서 공부할 것이다.
     • (After the class ends, I will study at the library.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Using ~하고는 aligns with the Korean emphasis on sequences and the order of events in storytelling, which is often crucial for clarity. Understanding such grammar enhances comprehension of conversations and narratives in Korean culture.

Politeness Levels

When using this structure, attention to the politeness and formality of the context is important. The ending verb forms or nouns that precede ~하고는 adjust based on who you are speaking to.

Idiomatic Expressions

• Often used in story-telling or recounting events in a chronological manner.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

Common mistakes include:

• Confusing ~하고는 with simply using ~고.
• Omitting the appropriate verb or noun before ~하고는, leading to incomplete phrases.

Learning Strategies

• Remember that ~하고는 indicates an "and then" situation, so think of sequences in storytelling.
• Create simple stories using this structure to practice sequencing events.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~하고는 connects sequential actions and indicates what happens after a specific event.
• It is distinct from other structures like ~고 and ~고 나서, emphasizing the condition of completing the first action.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does ~하고는 express in a sentence?
2. How does it differ from using ~고?
3. Create a sentence using ~하고는. By mastering ~하고는, learners can enhance their storytelling abilities in Korean and better understand sequences in conversations!