Processing keyword: ~하고 나서 [hago naseo] (After doing)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하고 나서 [hago naseo] (After doing)

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the Korean grammar point ~하고 나서 [hago naseo], which translates to "after doing" in English. This structure is used to express that an action took place after completing another action.

Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning and Structure

The structure ~하고 나서 consists of:

• Verb + 하고: "and" or "with" when connecting actions. Here, it implies doing one action.
• 나서: the suffix that indicates "after doing."

Formation Diagram

[Action A] + 하고 + 나서 + [Action B]

Example:

• 집에 돌아오고 나서 [jibe dor-aogo naseo] - "After coming home"

Detailed Explanation

1. Action A is the initial action that is completed.
2. 와서 indicates that after completing Action A, Action B will be performed.
3. This can be used with verbs in various tenses depending on the context.

Comparative Analysis

While both ~고 나서 [go naseo] and ~기 후에 [gi hue] can indicate "after doing," they differ slightly in nuance:

• ~하고 나서 is more casual and often used in spoken language.
• ~기 후에 has a more formal tone and is often found in written contexts.

Example Comparison

• 나는 학교에 가고 나서 친구를 만났어요.
  "I met a friend after going to school." (More conversational)

• 나는 학교에 간 후에 친구를 만났습니다.
  "I met a friend after going to school." (More formal)

Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. 나는 아침을 먹고 나서 운동을 해요.
   "I exercise after eating breakfast."

2. 그녀는 일하고 나서 친구를 만났어요.
   "She met a friend after working."

3. 영화를 보고 나서 집에 갔어요.
   "I went home after watching the movie."

4. 아이들이 숙제를 하고 나서 놀이터에 갔어요.
   "The kids went to the playground after doing their homework."

Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, completing tasks before leisure is often emphasized, reflecting a strong work ethic. Using structures like ~하고 나서 emphasizes this notion of completing one duty before moving on to the next.

Levels of Politeness

The usage of ~하고 나서 can vary in politeness depending on the verb forms used before it. The verb nuances can convey respect or casualness based on the setting.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 합격하고 나서 축하 연회를 했어요.
  "We had a celebration after passing (an exam)."
  This idiom often refers to celebrating achievements that come after efforts.

Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Omitting the verb: Learners often forget to use the full verb phrase before ~하고 나서. Ensure that a complete action is included.
2. Verb conjugation: Ensure verbs are correctly conjugated as per tense and politeness levels.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Devices: Remember "하" (do), as "하고" indicates action. Pair it with "나서" to think of “after doing.”
• Practice linking actions: Try narrating your daily schedule using this structure to become familiar with it.

Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~하고 나서 is used to indicate sequence in actions, specifically "after doing."
• It is more conversational than ~기 후에.
• Correct verb usage is crucial for clarity.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does ~하고 나서 mean in English?
2. Which is more formal: ~하고 나서 or ~기 후에?
3. Create a sentence using ~하고 나서 to describe a sequence of your day. Feel free to delve deeper into your studies using this helpful grammar point!