Processing keyword: ~하게 하다 [hage hada] (Make someone do)

Korean Grammar Point: ~하게 하다 [hage hada] (Make someone do)

1. Introduction

The Korean grammar point ~하게 하다 [hage hada] is used to express the idea of making someone do something or causing someone to be in a certain state. It is an essential construction when you want to indicate that the subject induces or compels another person to perform an action.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• ~하게 하다 translates to "to make someone do" or "to have someone do" something.
• It conveys a causative meaning, where the subject causes someone else to perform an action.

Structure

The structure involves attaching ~하게 하다 to the stem of a descriptive or action verb.

Formation Diagram

[Verb/Adjective Stem] + 하게 하다

• Verb/Adjective Stem: The base form of the verb or adjective without the 다 ending.
• 하게 하다: The causative suffix meaning "make someone do."

Breakdown

1. Identify the Verb/Adjective Stem:
   • 먹다 (to eat) → 먹
   • 행복하다 (to be happy) → 행복하
2. Add 하게 하다:
   • 먹 + 하게 하다 → 먹게 하다 (make someone eat)
   • 행복하 + 게 하다 → 행복하게 하다 (make someone happy)

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

• ~도록 하다: Also means "to make someone do," but often used to suggest or recommend an action.
  • Example: 일찍 자도록 해요. (Try to sleep early.)
• ~게 만들다: Another causative form meaning "to make someone do" or "cause something to happen."
  • Example: 그 소식은 그녀를 울게 만들었어요. (The news made her cry.)

Differences

• ~하게 하다 emphasizes direct causation by the subject.
• ~게 만들다 can convey a broader causation, not necessarily direct.
• ~도록 하다 is less forceful, often used for suggestions or indirect commands.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Situations

1. 선생님은 학생들에게 책을 읽게 했습니다.
   • The teacher made the students read a book.
2. 부장은 직원들에게 회의에 참석하게 했습니다.
   • The manager had the employees attend the meeting.

Informal Situations

1. 엄마는 아이들에게 채소를 먹게 했어요.
   • Mom made the kids eat vegetables.
2. 친구는 나를 기다리게 했어.
   • My friend made me wait.

Written Context

1. 그의 노력은 회사를 성공하게 했다.
   • His efforts made the company successful.

Spoken Context

1. 너가 나를 웃게 해.
   • You make me laugh.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• In Korean culture, hierarchy and respect are important. Using causative forms can reflect relationships of authority or seniority.
• ~하게 하다 is often used in contexts where someone of higher status is directing someone of lower status.

Levels of Politeness

• 합니다 (Formal Polite)
  • 선생님은 학생들에게 숙제를 하게 합니다.
    • The teacher makes the students do homework.
• 해요 (Informal Polite)
  • 부모님은 아이들을 일찍 자게 해요.
    • Parents make their children go to bed early.
• 해 (Casual)
  • 내가 너를 행복하게 해줄게.
    • I will make you happy.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 웃게 하다: To make someone laugh.
• 울게 하다: To make someone cry.
• 생각하게 하다: To make someone think.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mistake: Confusing ~하게 하다 with just ~하다.
  • Incorrect: 선생님은 학생들에게 공부하다.
    • Teacher studies for the students.
  • Correct: 선생님은 학생들에게 공부하게 하다.
    • The teacher makes the students study.
• Mistake: Misplacing the causative form.
  • Incorrect: 나는 저녁을 먹게 친구를 했다.
  • Correct: 나는 친구를 저녁을 먹게 했다.
    • I made my friend eat dinner.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that 하게 하다 involves two 하 verbs, indicating a causative action.
• Tip: Practice by taking verbs you know and forming sentences where someone is making someone else perform that action.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~하게 하다 is used to express making or causing someone to do something.
• It is formed by attaching 하게 하다 to the verb or adjective stem.
• Understanding the context and levels of politeness is crucial when using this grammar point.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you say "The coach made the players run" using ~하게 하다?
   • Answer: 코치는 선수들을 뛰게 했습니다.
2. What is the difference between ~하게 하다 and ~게 만들다?
   • Answer: ~하게 하다 implies direct causation by the subject, while ~게 만들다 can be used for indirect causation.
3. Fix the error in the sentence: 부모님은 나를 숙제를 하다.
   • Corrected Sentence: 부모님은 나를 숙제하게 하셨다.
     • My parents made me do homework.