Processing keyword: ~키로 하다 [kiro hada] (Intend to, plan to)

Korean Grammar Point: ~키로 하다 [kiro hada] (Intend to, plan to)

TOPIK Grammar Point: ~키로 하다 [kiro hada] (Intend to, plan to)

1. Introduction

The expression ~키로 하다 is commonly used to indicate intentions or plans. It can be translated to "intend to" or "plan to" in English. This structure is often used when making decisions or commitments about future actions.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• The structure consists of:
  • A verb stem + 키 (ki) + 로 (ro) + 하다 (hada).
  • The verb stem indicates the action you plan to take.

Structure and Formation

• Structure:
  • Verb stem + 키로 하다
• Example Breakdown:
  • 가다 (gada) - to go
  • 가 + 키로 하다 → 가기로 하다 (gagiro hada) - to intend to go
• Visual Formation Diagram:

Verb Stem + 키로 하다

가다 (gada) → 가기로 하다 (gagiro hada) - intend to go
먹다 (meokda) → 먹기로 하다 (meokgiro hada) - intend to eat

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

• ~기로 하다 (giro hada) vs. ~을/를 것이다 (eul/reul geosida)
  • ~기로 하다 emphasizes the decision-making aspect, while ~을/를 것이다 states a prediction or future expectation.
  • Example:
    • ~기로 하다: 내일 기차를 타기로 했어요. (I intend to take the train tomorrow.)
    • ~을/를 것이다: 내일 기차를 탈 것이다. (I will take the train tomorrow.)

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:

   • 회의에 참석하기로 했습니다.
     • (I have decided to attend the meeting.)

2. Informal:

   • 주말에 영화 보기로 했어.
     • (I plan to watch a movie this weekend.)

3. Written:

   • 이번 여름에 해외 여행을 가기로 하였다.
     • (I have decided to travel abroad this summer.)

4. Spoken:

   • 오늘 저녁에 친구들 만나기로 했어.
     • (I intend to meet my friends this evening.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• Using ~기로 하다 indicates a commitment or decision that reflects respect towards others, especially in formal contexts. It aligns with the Korean social norm of being deliberate in one's intentions.

Levels of Politeness

• The choice of verb forms can affect politeness. In formal settings, utilize 더 (de) or 어요/아요 (eoyo/ayo) endings to adjust the level of formality.

Idiomatic Expressions

• No widely recognized idioms specifically incorporate ~기로 하다, but it is commonly found in planning scenarios, which reflect cultural traits of being organized and considerate regarding future commitments.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mistake: Using the plain verb form instead of the verb stem with ~기로 하다.
  • Incorrect: 내일 가다. (Tomorrow go.)
  • Correct: 내일 가기로 하다. (I intend to go tomorrow.)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "키로 하다" as "키" (key) signifies a key decision. This can help recall its meaning related to intention and planning.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• The grammar point ~키로 하다 indicates intentions or plans.
• Formed by adding 키로 하다 after the verb stem.
• Distinct from other future structures by focusing on personal decisions or commitments.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What is the structure of ~키로 하다?
2. Give an informal and formal sentence using ~기로 하다.
3. How does ~기로 하다 differ from ~을/를 것이다? Feel free to practice these concepts, and remember that using this structure can enhance your communication about future plans in Korean!