Processing keyword: ~지만 [jimyeon] (But, although)

Korean Grammar Point: ~지만 [jimyeon] (But, although)

TOPIK Grammar Point: ~지만 [jimyeon] (But, although)

1. Introduction

The grammar point "~지만" is used to express contrast between two clauses. It is equivalent to "but" or "although" in English. This structure allows speakers to present contrasting information, creating a more nuanced statement.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: The suffix "~지만" is used to indicate that the second clause contrasts or contradicts the first clause.
• Structure: It is typically attached to the end of a statement, with the main clause preceding it.

Formation Diagram

[Main Clause] + ~지만 + [Contrasting Clause]

Examples:

1. Informal: 저녁을 먹었지만 배가 고파요. (I ate dinner, but I am still hungry.)
2. Formal: 그 영화는 재미있었지만 길었습니다. (The movie was interesting, but it was long.)

Visual Aids

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points:

• 는데: Used in a similar fashion but can be used for background information.

  • Example: 저는 학생인데 일도 해요. (I am a student, and I also work.)

• 그러나/하지만: These are more formal than "지만" and can often be used interchangeably. However, "지만" is more frequently used in spoken language.

Differences:

• Politeness Levels: "~지만" is informal, while "그러나" and "하지만" are more formal.
• Usage Context: "~지만" is frequently used in conversational Korean, while "그러나" and "하지만" are utilized in written contexts.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Informal Spoken: 비가 오지만 나가야 해요. (It’s raining, but I have to go out.)
2. Formal Written: 시장은 좋지만 가격이 비쌉니다. (The market is good, but the prices are high.)
3. Casual: 나는 축구를 좋아하지만 배드민턴이 더 재밌어. (I like soccer, but badminton is more fun.)
4. Lesson Context: 유학생이지만 한국어를 잘 해요. (I am an exchange student, but I speak Korean well.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

The use of "~지만" reflects the Korean cultural norm of contrasting ideas without necessarily being confrontational. It's common to soften a statement by acknowledging an opposing view or fact.

Levels of Politeness

When using "~지만" in conversation, it's important to consider the relationship with your listener. Use this form with peers, but opt for the more formal alternatives in professional or hierarchical situations.

Idiomatic Expressions

• "그래도 ~지만" (Even so,... but...) - Used to emphasize persistence despite obstacles.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Omitting the Subject: Beginners may forget to clearly express the subject before the contrast.
   • Correct: 저는 열심히 공부했지만 결과가 안 좋았어요.
   • Incorrect: 열심히 공부했지만 결과가 안 좋았어요. (without the subject; less clear in context)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that "~지만" is like a "soft no". When you want to disagree politely, use this structure.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• "~지만" is used to show contrast between two clauses.
• It’s commonly used in informal settings.
• Remember the differences between "~지만", "인데", "하지만", and "그러나".

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you express "but" in a contrastive manner in Korean?
2. Give an example sentence using "~지만".
3. What is a more formal alternative to "지만"? End of lesson! Feel free to ask if you have any questions regarding "지만".