Korean Grammar Point
~์ฆ‰ [jeuk] (That is to say, namely)

Used to restate or clarify a point with more detail; 'namely', 'that is to say'.

Formation

Sentence + ์ฆ‰ + Sentence

Examples

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž„์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค.

I yeonguui gyeolgwareul batangeuro jeuk, uriga bon baroneun jigu onnanhwaneun inganui hwaldong ttaemunimi bunmyeonghada.

Based on the results of this research, that is to say, from what we have seen, it is clear that global warming is due to human activities.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

Geuneun gukje gwangye jeonmungaida. Jeuk, geuneun segyeui dayanghan naradeul gan-ui munjeleul yeonguhanda.

He is an expert in international relations. That is to say, he studies issues between various countries around the world.

์ด ๋ฉ”์ผ์€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๋‹ค.

I meireun neoegeman bonael geosida. Jeuk, neoneun i mesijui yuilhan susinjada.

I will send this email to you only. Namely, you are the only recipient of this message.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Geuneun nae joheun chinguida. Jeuk, naneun geureul aju jal algo itda.

He is a good friend of mine. That is to say, I know him very well.

Long Explanation

'~์ฆ‰ [jeuk]' is a conjunction used in Korean to re-explain or add further details to a statement. It is equivalent to 'namely' or 'that is to say' in English and helps clarify or specify information.

Detailed Grammar Notes

Processing keyword: ~์ฆ‰ [jeuk] (That is to say, namely)

Korean Grammar Point: ~์ฆ‰ [jeuk] (That is to say, namely)

1. Introduction

Welcome to this lesson on the Korean grammar point ~์ฆ‰ (jeuk). This connector plays a crucial role in Korean, especially in formal writing and speeches. It translates to "that is to say" or "namely" in English and is used to clarify or restate a previous statement.


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning and Usage

  • Purpose: To clarify, specify, or restate a preceding statement.
  • Formality: Used primarily in formal contexts such as academic writings, official documents, and formal speeches.
  • Position: Placed between two clauses, linking them.

Structure

The structure using ~์ฆ‰ is as follows:

[Statement A], ์ฆ‰ [Statement B]
  • Statement A: The initial statement that may require further clarification.
  • ์ฆ‰: The connector meaning "that is to say" or "namely."
  • Statement B: The clarifying or specifying statement.

Formation Diagram

โ”Œโ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”    ์ฆ‰    โ”Œโ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”
โ”‚ Statement A โ”‚ โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€> โ”‚ Statement B โ”‚
โ””โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”˜         โ””โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”˜

3. Comparative Analysis

Let's compare ~์ฆ‰ with similar grammar points:

Grammar Point Meaning Usage Context Formality
~์ฆ‰ That is to say, namely Clarifying previous statement Formal
~๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด In other words Restating in different words Neutral
~๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด To put it differently Rephrasing or explaining further Neutral
~๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ Therefore, so Drawing conclusions or reasoning Informal
Key Differences:
  • ~์ฆ‰ is more formal and is often used in written language.
  • ~๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด and ~๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด are more neutral and can be used in both spoken and written language.
  • ~๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ is informal and commonly used in casual conversations.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Contexts

  1. ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ค์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • The business succeeded. That is to say, our efforts have borne fruit.
  2. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • He is a university professor. Namely, he is an expert in the field of education.

Academic Writing

  1. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • Environmental pollution is severe. That is to say, air quality is continuously deteriorating.
  2. ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ค์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • This experiment consists of two parts. Namely, theory and practical practice.

Formal Speech

  1. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • We have made a new plan. That is to say, we aim to expand the market.
  2. ๋ณธ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์„  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • This product supports wireless functionality. Namely, it can be used without cables.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, communication often emphasizes clarity and respect, especially in formal settings. Using ~์ฆ‰ aligns with this cultural aspect by providing precise information and showing consideration for the listener's understanding.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • ์ฆ‰์„: On the spot, impromptu.
    • Example: ์ฆ‰์„์—์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๋‹ค - To answer on the spot.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

  • Overuse in Casual Conversations
    • Mistake: Using ~์ฆ‰ in everyday casual speech can sound overly formal.
    • Tip: In casual settings, consider using ~๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ or ~๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด instead.
  • Incorrect Placement
    • Mistake: Placing ์ฆ‰ at the beginning or end of a sentence.
    • Tip: ์ฆ‰ should be placed between two statements it is connecting.

Learning Strategies

  • Mnemonic Device: Remember that ์ฆ‰ sounds like "jig," similar to "jigsaw puzzle," which you put together to see the whole picture โ€” just like how ์ฆ‰ connects statements for clarity.
  • Practice Exercises: Create sentences using ~์ฆ‰ to describe your day or explain concepts, focusing on formal contexts.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~์ฆ‰ is a formal connector meaning "that is to say" or "namely."
  • It is used to clarify or specify the preceding statement.
  • Appropriate in formal writing, speeches, and academic contexts.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. Choose the correct connector to complete the sentence in a formal context: ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ___, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. a) ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
    b) ์ฆ‰
    c) ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
  2. True or False: ~์ฆ‰ can be used interchangeably with ~๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ in informal conversations.
  3. Correct the mistake in the following sentence: ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•œ ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Answers

  1. b) ์ฆ‰ Correct Sentence: ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. False Explanation: ~์ฆ‰ is formal and not typically used in informal conversations.
  3. Corrected Sentence: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•œ ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Explanation: ์ฆ‰ should be placed between the two related statements.

By mastering ~์ฆ‰, you enhance your ability to communicate clearly and formally in Korean, which is invaluable in academic and professional settings. Keep practicing, and soon you'll incorporate this grammar point naturally into your language usage!


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