Korean Grammar Point
~์ € [jeo] (That kind of)

Used to describe 'that kind of' or 'such' qualities or characteristics.

Formation

(์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค/๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค/์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค) โ†’ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ/๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ/์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ, or nouns with ์ €๋Ÿฐ/๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ/์ด๋Ÿฐ

Examples

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.

Geureon jeoreon iyuro geuneun haengbokhae boiji anasseoyo.

For this and that reason, he didn't seem happy.

์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์š”. ๋‚˜๋„ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.

Jeoreon chareul bomyeon bureowoyo. Nado jeoreon chareul gatgo sip-eoyo.

When I see a car like that, I feel envious. I want one like that, too.

๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ค„์€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.

Geunyeoga jeoreon mareul hal jureun mollasseoyo.

I didn't know she would say something like that.

์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?

Jega jeoreon ireul hal su isseulkkayo?

Can I do something like that?

Long Explanation

'~์ € [jeo]' refers to an element of 'such' or 'that kind of' in Korean, often seen in words like '์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค' (to be like that), '๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค' (to be so), '์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค' (to be like this). It can emphasize a certain abstract quality or scenario for comparison, emphasis, or expressing a particular state/behavior.

Detailed Grammar Notes

Processing keyword: ~์ € [jeo] (That kind of)

Korean Grammar Point: ~์ € [jeo] (That kind of)

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we'll explore the Korean demonstrative ์ € [jeo], which is used to refer to objects or people that are far from both the speaker and the listener. Understanding ์ € is essential for clear communication in Korean, as it helps specify which object or person you're talking about, especially when they are not nearby. We'll also look at related forms like ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค, ์ €๋Ÿฐ, and ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ, which are used to describe characteristics or manners associated with "that kind of" or "like that".


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning and Usage

  • ์ € [jeo]: That (over there)
    • Used to refer to something far from both the speaker and the listener.
  • ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค [jeoreota]: To be like that
    • Describes a state or condition that is "like that".
  • ์ €๋Ÿฐ [jeoreon]: Such, That kind of
    • Modifies a noun to mean "that kind of [noun]".
  • ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ [jeoreoke]: Like that, In that way
    • Describes the manner in which something is done.

Structure

1. ์ € + Noun

  • ์ € directly modifies a noun.
  • ์ € + ์‚ฌ๋žŒ (person) โ†’ ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ (that person over there)

2. ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค and Its Derivatives

  • ์ € + -๋ ‡๋‹ค (to be like) โ†’ ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค (to be like that)
  • ์ € + -๋Ÿฐ (such) โ†’ ์ €๋Ÿฐ (such, that kind of)
  • ์ € + -๋ ‡๊ฒŒ (like that) โ†’ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ (like that, in that way)

Formation Diagram

์ € + Noun      โ†’ ์ € Noun     (That [noun] over there)
์ € + -๋ ‡๋‹ค      โ†’ ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค       (To be like that)
์ € + -๋Ÿฐ        โ†’ ์ €๋Ÿฐ        (Such, That kind of)
์ € + -๋ ‡๊ฒŒ      โ†’ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ       (Like that, In that way)

Visual Aid: Demonstrative Pronouns

Korean Pronunciation Meaning Usage
์ด [i] This Near the speaker
๊ทธ [geu] That Near the listener or previously mentioned
์ € [jeo] That (over there) Far from both speaker and listener

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparing ์ด, ๊ทธ, and ์ €

Understanding the subtle differences between these demonstratives is crucial:

  • ์ด [i]: This
    • Use when the object is near the speaker.
  • ๊ทธ [geu]: That
    • Use when the object is near the listener or previously mentioned.
  • ์ € [jeo]: That (over there)
    • Use when the object is far from both the speaker and the listener.

Comparing -๋ ‡๋‹ค Forms

Base Demonstrative -๋ ‡๋‹ค Form Meaning
์ด ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค To be like this
๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค To be like that (near listener)
์ € ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค To be like that (over there)

4. Examples in Context

1. Using ์ € with Nouns

Example 1

์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ˆ์š”? [Jeo sarameun nugu-yeyo?] "Who is that person over there?"

Example 2

์ € ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋†’์•„์š”. [Jeo geonmuri jeongmal nopayo.] "That building over there is really tall."

2. Using ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค and Its Derivatives

Example 3

์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. [Jeoreon haengdong-eun jotji anayo.] "That kind of behavior is not good."

Example 4

์™œ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์–ด์š”? [Wae jeoreoke useoyo?] "Why are you laughing like that?"

Example 5

์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ด์š”. [Jeoreoke areumdaun gyeongchineun cheoeum bwayo.] "I've never seen such a beautiful view before."

3. Formal Context

Example 6

์ €๋ถ„์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [Jeobuni seonsaengnim-isimnida.] "That person over there is the teacher."

4. Informal Speech

Example 7

์ €๊ฑฐ ๋ญ์•ผ? [Jeoge mwoya?] "What's that over there?"

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

  • Spatial Awareness: Korean language places emphasis on the spatial relationship between the speaker, listener, and objects or people being discussed.
  • Clarity in Communication: Using the correct demonstrative (์ด, ๊ทธ, ์ €) avoids confusion and aids in precise communication.
  • Social Norms: Referring to someone with ์ €๋ถ„ (that person over there) and including honorifics shows respect, especially when the person is of higher social status or older.

Levels of Politeness

  • Honorific Forms: When referring to people in formal settings, use honorifics.
    • ์ €๋ถ„ instead of ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ for "that person over there".
    • ์ €๋ถ„์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
      • [Jeobuni nugusimnikka?]
      • "Who is that person over there?" (Honorific)

Idiomatic Expressions

์ €๋Ÿฐ!

An exclamation similar to "Oh dear!" or "Oh no!", used when reacting to unexpected news or situations. Example: ์ €๋Ÿฐ! ํฐ์ผ ๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š”. [Jeoreon! Keunil natneyo.] "Oh no! That's a big problem."


6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

Mistake 1: Confusing ์ € with ๊ทธ

  • Error: Using ์ € when referring to something that is near the listener or has been previously mentioned.
  • Correction: Use ๊ทธ in these cases.

Incorrect: ์ € ์ฑ…์ด ๋„ค ๊ฑฐ์•ผ? (Is that book over there yours?) Correct: ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ด ๋„ค ๊ฑฐ์•ผ? (Is that book [near you or previously mentioned] yours?)

Mistake 2: Using ์ € for Objects Near the Speaker

  • Error: Using ์ € instead of ์ด for something near the speaker.
  • Correction: Use ์ด for objects near you.

Incorrect: ์ € ์—ฐํ•„์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊ฒŒ. (I'll use that pencil over there.) Correct: ์ด ์—ฐํ•„์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊ฒŒ. (I'll use this pencil.)

Learning Strategies

Mnemonic Device

  • ์ด: "It's close to me." (Both start with "I")
  • ๊ทธ: "Close to you." ("You" and ๊ทธ both have a 'u' sound)
  • ์ €: "Over there." (Think "J" for "journey" away from both)

Practice Tip

  • Physical Pointing Exercise: Point to objects at varying distances and say ์ด๊ฒƒ (this thing), ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ (that thing), ์ €๊ฒƒ (that thing over there) to build muscle memory.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ์ € is used for referring to objects or people far from both the speaker and the listener.
  • Combining ์ € with suffixes like -๋ ‡๋‹ค, -๋Ÿฐ, -๋ ‡๊ฒŒ creates words that describe characteristics, kinds, or manners associated with "that" distant reference.
  • Correct usage of ์ด, ๊ทธ, and ์ € is important for clear and precise communication in Korean.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blanks with ์ด, ๊ทธ, or ์ €:

a) _____ ์ฑ…์€ ์ œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. b) _____ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ˆ์š”? c) ์–ด์ œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ _____ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์š”?

2. Translate the following sentence to Korean:

"Why is he dancing like that?" Hint: Use ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ for "like that".

Answers:

1.

a) ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
"This book is mine." b) ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ˆ์š”?
"Who is that person over there?" c) ์–ด์ œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์š”?
"Do you remember that friend we met yesterday?"

2.

๊ทธ๋Š” ์™œ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ถค์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”? [Geuneun wae jeoreoke chumchugo isseoyo?]


Feel free to revisit this lesson to reinforce your understanding of ์ € and its related forms. Practice using them in sentences to become more comfortable with their nuances.


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