Processing keyword: ~์ [jeo] (That kind of)
Korean Grammar Point: ~์ [jeo] (That kind of)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the Korean demonstrative ์ [jeo], which is used to refer to objects or people that are far from both the speaker and the listener. Understanding ์ is essential for clear communication in Korean, as it helps specify which object or person you're talking about, especially when they are not nearby. We'll also look at related forms like ์ ๋ ๋ค, ์ ๋ฐ, and ์ ๋ ๊ฒ, which are used to describe characteristics or manners associated with "that kind of" or "like that".
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning and Usage
- ์ [jeo]: That (over there)
- Used to refer to something far from both the speaker and the listener.
- ์ ๋ ๋ค [jeoreota]: To be like that
- Describes a state or condition that is "like that".
- ์ ๋ฐ [jeoreon]: Such, That kind of
- Modifies a noun to mean "that kind of [noun]".
- ์ ๋ ๊ฒ [jeoreoke]: Like that, In that way
- Describes the manner in which something is done.
Structure
1. ์ + Noun
- ์ directly modifies a noun.
- ์ + ์ฌ๋ (person) โ ์ ์ฌ๋ (that person over there)
2. ์ ๋ ๋ค and Its Derivatives
- ์ + -๋ ๋ค (to be like) โ ์ ๋ ๋ค (to be like that)
- ์ + -๋ฐ (such) โ ์ ๋ฐ (such, that kind of)
- ์ + -๋ ๊ฒ (like that) โ ์ ๋ ๊ฒ (like that, in that way)
Formation Diagram
์ + Noun โ ์ Noun (That [noun] over there)
์ + -๋ ๋ค โ ์ ๋ ๋ค (To be like that)
์ + -๋ฐ โ ์ ๋ฐ (Such, That kind of)
์ + -๋ ๊ฒ โ ์ ๋ ๊ฒ (Like that, In that way)
Visual Aid: Demonstrative Pronouns
Korean | Pronunciation | Meaning | Usage |
---|---|---|---|
์ด | [i] | This | Near the speaker |
๊ทธ | [geu] | That | Near the listener or previously mentioned |
์ | [jeo] | That (over there) | Far from both speaker and listener |
3. Comparative Analysis
Comparing ์ด, ๊ทธ, and ์
Understanding the subtle differences between these demonstratives is crucial:
- ์ด [i]: This
- Use when the object is near the speaker.
- ๊ทธ [geu]: That
- Use when the object is near the listener or previously mentioned.
- ์ [jeo]: That (over there)
- Use when the object is far from both the speaker and the listener.
Comparing -๋ ๋ค Forms
Base Demonstrative | -๋ ๋ค Form | Meaning |
---|---|---|
์ด | ์ด๋ ๋ค | To be like this |
๊ทธ | ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค | To be like that (near listener) |
์ | ์ ๋ ๋ค | To be like that (over there) |
4. Examples in Context
1. Using ์ with Nouns
Example 1
์ ์ฌ๋์ ๋๊ตฌ์์? [Jeo sarameun nugu-yeyo?] "Who is that person over there?"
Example 2
์ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์ ๋ง ๋์์. [Jeo geonmuri jeongmal nopayo.] "That building over there is really tall."
2. Using ์ ๋ ๋ค and Its Derivatives
Example 3
์ ๋ฐ ํ๋์ ์ข์ง ์์์. [Jeoreon haengdong-eun jotji anayo.] "That kind of behavior is not good."
Example 4
์ ์ ๋ ๊ฒ ์์ด์? [Wae jeoreoke useoyo?] "Why are you laughing like that?"
Example 5
์ ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์น๋ ์ฒ์ ๋ด์. [Jeoreoke areumdaun gyeongchineun cheoeum bwayo.] "I've never seen such a beautiful view before."
3. Formal Context
Example 6
์ ๋ถ์ด ์ ์๋์ด์ญ๋๋ค. [Jeobuni seonsaengnim-isimnida.] "That person over there is the teacher."
4. Informal Speech
Example 7
์ ๊ฑฐ ๋ญ์ผ? [Jeoge mwoya?] "What's that over there?"
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
- Spatial Awareness: Korean language places emphasis on the spatial relationship between the speaker, listener, and objects or people being discussed.
- Clarity in Communication: Using the correct demonstrative (์ด, ๊ทธ, ์ ) avoids confusion and aids in precise communication.
- Social Norms: Referring to someone with ์ ๋ถ (that person over there) and including honorifics shows respect, especially when the person is of higher social status or older.
Levels of Politeness
- Honorific Forms: When referring to people in formal settings, use honorifics.
- ์ ๋ถ instead of ์ ์ฌ๋ for "that person over there".
- ์ ๋ถ์ด ๋๊ตฌ์ญ๋๊น?
- [Jeobuni nugusimnikka?]
- "Who is that person over there?" (Honorific)
Idiomatic Expressions
์ ๋ฐ!
An exclamation similar to "Oh dear!" or "Oh no!", used when reacting to unexpected news or situations. Example: ์ ๋ฐ! ํฐ์ผ ๋ฌ๋ค์. [Jeoreon! Keunil natneyo.] "Oh no! That's a big problem."
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Confusing ์ with ๊ทธ
- Error: Using ์ when referring to something that is near the listener or has been previously mentioned.
- Correction: Use ๊ทธ in these cases.
Incorrect: ์ ์ฑ ์ด ๋ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ? (Is that book over there yours?) Correct: ๊ทธ ์ฑ ์ด ๋ค ๊ฑฐ์ผ? (Is that book [near you or previously mentioned] yours?)
Mistake 2: Using ์ for Objects Near the Speaker
- Error: Using ์ instead of ์ด for something near the speaker.
- Correction: Use ์ด for objects near you.
Incorrect: ์ ์ฐํ์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๊ฒ. (I'll use that pencil over there.) Correct: ์ด ์ฐํ์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๊ฒ. (I'll use this pencil.)
Learning Strategies
Mnemonic Device
- ์ด: "It's close to me." (Both start with "I")
- ๊ทธ: "Close to you." ("You" and ๊ทธ both have a 'u' sound)
- ์ : "Over there." (Think "J" for "journey" away from both)
Practice Tip
- Physical Pointing Exercise: Point to objects at varying distances and say ์ด๊ฒ (this thing), ๊ทธ๊ฒ (that thing), ์ ๊ฒ (that thing over there) to build muscle memory.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- ์ is used for referring to objects or people far from both the speaker and the listener.
- Combining ์ with suffixes like -๋ ๋ค, -๋ฐ, -๋ ๊ฒ creates words that describe characteristics, kinds, or manners associated with "that" distant reference.
- Correct usage of ์ด, ๊ทธ, and ์ is important for clear and precise communication in Korean.
Quick Recap Quiz
1. Fill in the blanks with ์ด, ๊ทธ, or ์ :
a) _____ ์ฑ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์. b) _____ ์ฌ๋์ ๋๊ตฌ์์? c) ์ด์ ๋ง๋ _____ ์น๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์ต๋์?
2. Translate the following sentence to Korean:
"Why is he dancing like that?" Hint: Use ์ ๋ ๊ฒ for "like that".
Answers:
1.
a) ์ด ์ฑ
์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์.
"This book is mine."
b) ์ ์ฌ๋์ ๋๊ตฌ์์?
"Who is that person over there?"
c) ์ด์ ๋ง๋ ๊ทธ ์น๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์ต๋์?
"Do you remember that friend we met yesterday?"
2.
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ๋ ๊ฒ ์ถค์ถ๊ณ ์์ด์? [Geuneun wae jeoreoke chumchugo isseoyo?]
Feel free to revisit this lesson to reinforce your understanding of ์ and its related forms. Practice using them in sentences to become more comfortable with their nuances.
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