Korean Grammar Point
~이/가 아니다 [i/ga anida] (Is not, are not)

Used to negate a noun; 'is not', 'are not'.

Formation

Noun + 이/가 아니다

Examples

저는 학생이 아닙니다, 저는 선생님이에요.

Jeoneun haksaengi anibnida, jeoneun seonsaengimnida.

I am not a student, I am a teacher.

고양이가 우리 분실물이 아닙니다, 우리 분실물은 강아지예요.

Goyangiga uri bunsilmuri anibnida, uri bunsilmureun gangajiyeyo.

The cat is not our lost item; our lost item is a puppy.

요리 잘하는 사람은 내가 아닙니다, 저는 요리하는 능력이 전혀 없어요.

Yori jalhaneun sarameun naega anibnida, jeoneun yorihaneun neungnyeogi jeonhyeo eopseoyo.

I am not the person who cooks well; I have absolutely no cooking ability.

그 사람은 우리 학교 학생이 아닙니다, 그는 다른 학교의 학생이에요.

Geu sarameun uri hakgyo haksaengi anibnida, geuneun dareun hakgyoui haksaengieyo.

That person is not a student of our school; he is a student of another school.

Long Explanation

The literal translation of '~이/가 아니다 [i/ga anida]' is 'is not' or 'are not'. It is used to negate a noun in a statement. You put '이 아니다' after a noun that ends with a consonant and '가 아니다' after a noun that ends with a vowel. This is roughly equivalent to English 'not', functioning to show contradiction or denial.

Detailed Grammar Notes

Processing keyword: ~이/가 아니다 [i/ga anida] (Is not, are not)

Korean Grammar Point: ~이/가 아니다 [i/ga anida] (Is not, are not)

1. Introduction

The Korean grammar pattern ~이/가 아니다 [i/ga anida] is essential for expressing negation in Korean. It translates to "is not" or "are not" in English and is used to indicate that a subject is not something or someone.


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The pattern ~이/가 아니다 is used to negate a noun, stating that the subject is not the noun that follows.

Structure

  • Noun + 이/가 아니다

Formation Diagram

Subject (Noun) 이/가 아니다
책상 아니다
학생 아니다
우유 아니다
선생님 아니다

Particle Selection

  • Use after a noun ending with a consonant.
  • Use after a noun ending with a vowel.

Examples:

  • 아니다 (It is not a book)
  • 연필 아니다 (It is not a pencil)
  • 사과 아니다 (It is not an apple)
  • 친구 아니다 (He/She is not a friend)

3. Comparative Analysis

~이/가 아니다 vs ~은/는 아니다

  • Both are used for negation, but ~은/는 아니다 adds emphasis or contrast.
  • ~이/가 아니다 states a simple negation.
  • ~은/는 아니다 implies "not... but..." suggesting there's more to the statement. Example:
  • 그 사람은 학생이 아니다.
    (That person is not a student.)
  • 그 사람은 학생은 아니다.
    (That person is not a student [but perhaps something else].)

4. Examples in Context

Formal Polite (존댓말)

  1. 저는 의사가 아닙니다.
    I am not a doctor.
  2. 이곳은 회사가 아닙니다.
    This place is not a company.

Informal Polite

  1. 나는 학생이 아니에요.
    I am not a student.
  2. 그것은 사실이 아니에요.
    That is not true.

Informal Casual (반말)

  1. 나는 가수가 아니야.
    I am not a singer.
  2. 이건 내 문제가 아니야.
    This is not my problem.

Written Context

  1. 본 제품은 완구가 아닙니다.
    This product is not a toy.
  2. 해당 정보는 공식 자료가 아닙니다.
    The information is not official data.

5. Cultural Notes

Politeness Levels

  • Using 아닙니다 is formal and polite, suitable for official situations and with elders.
  • 아니에요 is polite but less formal, common in everyday conversations.
  • 아니야 is casual and used among close friends or to someone younger.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • 아닌 것 같다
    I think it's not... Example: 그건 사실이 아닌 것 같아요.
    (I think that's not true.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

  • Mistake: Using 은/는 instead of 이/가 with 아니다. Incorrect: 나는 학생 아니다. Correct: 나는 학생 아니다.
  • Mistake: Omitting the particle 이/가. Incorrect: 그는 선생님 아니다. Correct: 그는 선생님 아니다.

Learning Strategies

  • Mnemonic for Particles:
    • If the noun ends with a consonant, use .
      • Think "Consonant → "
    • If the noun ends with a vowel, use .
      • Think "Vowel → "

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~이/가 아니다 is used to express "is not" or "are not".
  • Attach to nouns ending with consonants; attach to nouns ending with vowels.
  • Politeness levels vary: 아닙니다 (formal), 아니에요 (informal polite), 아니야 (informal casual).

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. Fill in the blank with the correct particle: 저는 학생___ 아니에요.
  2. Is this sentence correct? If not, correct it: 이것은 책이 아닙니다.
  3. Translate to Korean: "They are not teachers."

Answers:

  1. 저는 학생이** 아니에요.**
  2. The sentence is correct.
  3. 그들은 선생님이** 아닙니다.**

Additional Notes

Remember that 아니다 is a verb in Korean, so it should be conjugated accordingly to match the speech level and context.


Visual Aid: Particle Usage Chart

Noun Ending Particle Example Noun Complete Form
Consonant (받침) 학생 학생 아니다
Vowel (No 받침) 의사 의사 아니다

Practice Sentences

Try creating your own sentences using ~이/가 아니다:

  1. I am not Korean.
  2. This is not coffee.
  3. He is not my brother.

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