Processing keyword: ~이후 [ihu] (After, since)

Korean Grammar Point: ~이후 [ihu] (After, since)

1. Introduction

In Korean, expressing the sequence of events is essential for clear communication. The grammar point "~이후" [ihu], meaning "after" or "since," is commonly used to indicate that something happens following a certain time or event.

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• "~이후" is used to express that an action or event occurs after a particular time or event.
• It can also indicate that a state has continued since a specific point in time.

Structure

• Noun + 이후

Formation Diagram

[Noun (Time/Event)] + 이후

Usage Notes

• Attach "~이후" directly to a noun representing a time or event.
• It cannot be used with verbs directly; for verbs, use "~(으)ㄴ 후에".

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3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

Grammar Point	Structure	Meaning
~이후	Noun + 이후	After/Since (a noun)
~(으)ㄴ 후에	Verb Stem + (으)ㄴ 후에	After doing (an action)
~(으)면서	Verb Stem + (으)면서	While doing (simultaneous)
~전(에)	Noun + 전(에)	Before (a noun)

• Key Differences:
  • "~이후" is used with nouns.
  • "~(으)ㄴ 후에" is used with verbs to indicate after doing something.

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4. Examples in Context

Formal Context

1. 회의 이후에 결정을 내리겠습니다.
   • We will make a decision after the meeting.
2. 입사 이후로 열심히 일하고 있습니다.
   • I have been working hard since joining the company.

Informal Context

1. 수업 이후에 뭐 할 거야?
   • What are you going to do after class?
2. 점심 이후에 커피 마시자.
   • Let's grab a coffee after lunch.

Written Context

1. 2000년 이후 기술이 많이 발전했다.
   • Technology has advanced a lot since the year 2000.
2. 그 사건 이후 사회가 변했다.
   • Society changed after that incident.

Spoken Context

1. 영화 이후에 집에 갈래요?
   • Do you want to go home after the movie?
2. 퇴근 이후에 시간이 있을까요?
   • Will you have time after work?

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5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• In Korean work and social culture, being specific about time is important. Using terms like "~이후" helps clarify schedules and plans.
• Punctuality and adherence to agreed times are valued, so specifying "after" certain events is common in planning.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 사건 이후로 손을 씻었다.
  • I washed my hands of it since the incident.
• 그날 이후로 연락이 끊겼다.
  • Communication has ceased since that day.

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Incorrect Usage with Verbs
   • Incorrect: 먹다 이후
   • Correct: 식사 이후
   • Explanation: "~이후" should attach to a noun. For verbs, use "~(으)ㄴ 후에" (먹은 후에).
2. Confusing with "~(으)면" (if/when)
   • Incorrect: 수업 이후면 전화해 주세요.
   • Correct: 수업 이후에 전화해 주세요.
   • Explanation: Do not mix "~이후" with conditional endings.

Learning Strategies

• Remember the Noun Connection: "이후" starts with "이," just like "이름" (name/noun). This can help you recall that "~이후" attaches to nouns.
• Practice Pairing: Make lists of events or times (e.g., 퇴근, 저녁, 시험) and practice adding "~이후" to them.

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• "~이후" means "after" or "since" and is used with nouns.
• It indicates that something happens following a specific time or event.
• Do not attach "~이후" to verbs; use "~(으)ㄴ 후에" for verbs.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank with the correct grammar point: 졸업 ____ 무엇을 할 계획이에요?
   • Answer: 이후에
2. True or False: "만난 이후에" is correctly using "~이후."
   • Answer: False (Because "만난" is a verb form; should use "만난 후에")
3. Choose the correct sentence: a) 그는 여행 이후에 사진을 정리했어요. b) 그는 여행한 이후에 사진을 정리했어요.
   • Answer: a) 그는 여행 이후에 사진을 정리했어요.

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By mastering "~이후," you enhance your ability to discuss timelines and articulate events with clarity in Korean. Keep practicing by forming your own sentences and soon it will become second nature!

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