Processing keyword: ~을지언정 [euljieonjeong] (Whether...or...)

Korean Grammar Point: ~을지언정 [euljieonjeong] (Whether...or...)

1. Introduction

In Korean, expressing strong contrast or making a concession often involves specific grammar structures. One such structure is ~을지언정, which is used to indicate that even though the first clause may be true or acceptable, the second clause is decidedly not. This grammar point conveys a sense of determination or preference, often translated as "I might (do A), but I would never (do B)" or "Even if I have to (do A), I will (do B)".

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

~을지언정 is used to:

• Express a strong contrast between two actions or states.
• Emphasize a willingness to endure or choose a less favorable option rather than another. Translation Equivalents:
• "Even if I have to..."
• "I might..., but (definitely)..."
• "Rather than..., I will..."

Structure

Formation Diagram

Verb/Adjective Stem	~을지언정	Main Clause
먹다 (to eat)	먹을지언정	하지 않겠다

Formation Rules

1. For Verb/Adjective Stems ending with a consonant:
   • Attach ~을지언정.
   • Example: 먹다 → 먹을지언정
2. For Verb/Adjective Stems ending with a vowel:
   • Attach ~ㄹ지언정.
   • Example: 가다 → 갈지언정
3. Irregular verbs:
   • Follow regular conjugation rules.
   • Example: 듣다 → 들을지언정

Usage Notes

• Typically used in formal contexts such as written language or formal speeches.
• The preceding clause presents a less preferable option that the speaker is willing to accept over the option in the following clause.

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3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

1. 을망정 (eulmangjeong):
   • Usage: Also expresses concession, meaning "even though/even if".
   • Difference: ~을망정 is less emphatic than ~을지언정 and doesn't carry the strong determination or preference.
2. 아/어도 (a/eo-do):
   • Usage: Means "even if/even though".
   • Difference: Used for general concessions, without the strong contrast or determination implied by ~을지언정.
3. 더라도 (deorado):
   • Usage: Expresses hypothetical conditions, "even if/even though".
   • Difference: Focuses on hypothetical situations rather than expressing a strong preference or contrast.

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4. Examples in Context

Formal Situations

1. 배고플지언정 도둑질은 하지 않겠습니다.
   • Translation: "Even if I have to be hungry, I will not steal."
   • Explanation: Willing to endure hunger rather than commit theft.
2. 힘들지언정 포기하지 않을 것입니다.
   • Translation: "Even if it's difficult, I will not give up."
   • Explanation: Determination to continue despite difficulties.
3. 추울지언정 창문을 닫지 마세요.
   • Translation: "Even if it's cold, please do not close the window."
   • Explanation: Preferring fresh air over warmth.

Informal Situations (Less Common)

• Due to its formal nature, ~을지언정 is less commonly used in informal spoken Korean. In casual contexts, other expressions like ~아/어도 might be more appropriate.

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5. Cultural Notes

Levels of Politeness and Formality

• ~을지언정 is considered formal and is often found in literary works, formal speeches, or high-level writing.
• Using this grammar in everyday conversation may sound overly formal or stiff.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 죽을지언정 굴복하지 않겠다.
  • Translation: "Even if I die, I will not surrender."
  • Explanation: An idiomatic way to express unwavering determination.

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. Incorrect Conjugation:
   • Using the wrong ending for vowel or consonant-ending stems.
     • Incorrect: 가다 → 가을지언정
     • Correct: 가다 → 갈지언정
2. Using in Informal Contexts:
   • Overusing in casual conversation can sound unnatural.

Tips

• Mnemonic Device:

  • Think of ~을지언정 as "I will endure A to avoid B."

• Remember the Formality:

  • Reserve this grammar for formal writing or speeches.

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~을지언정 is used to express a strong preference or determination, choosing one option over another less desirable one.
• It conveys meanings like "Even if I have to..." or "I might..., but I will not..."
• It is a formal expression, suitable for written language or formal speech.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What is the main function of ~을지언정?

   a) To make a suggestion
   b) To express a strong contrast or concession
   c) To indicate simultaneous actions

2. Which of the following sentences correctly uses ~을지언정?

   a) 늦을지언정 서두르지 마세요.
   b) 배고플지언정 많이 먹어요.
   c) 갈지언정 가지 않습니다.

3. Is ~을지언정 commonly used in informal spoken Korean?

   a) Yes
   b) No

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Answers:

1. b) To express a strong contrast or concession
2. a) 늦을지언정 서두르지 마세요.
3. b) No

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