Processing keyword: ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 [a/eo/yeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not)

Korean Grammar Point: ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 [a/eo/yeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not)

Korean Grammar Point: ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 [a/eo/yeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not)

1. Introduction

In Korean, the expression ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 is used to convey prohibition or to indicate that something is not allowed. This is essential in day-to-day conversations, especially in formal settings or when addressing rules, restrictions, or advice.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

The structure ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 is constructed as follows:

1. Verb Stem + 아/어/여서: This changes based on the final vowel of the verb stem:
   • If the last vowel of the verb stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, use -아서.
   • If the last vowel is ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅣ, or any other vowel, use -어서.
   • If the stem ends with 하, use -여서.
2. 안 되다: This part means "must not" or "should not."

Structure Formation Diagram

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

• ~지 않다: This simply means "not" or to negate an action without the connotation of prohibition. E.g., "가고 싶지 않다" (I do not want to go).
• ~으면 안 되다: This structure also means "must not," but it is often used in a conditional sense. E.g., "이렇게 하면 안 되다" (You must not do it this way). Key Differences:
• ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 implies strong prohibition, whereas ~지 않다 is just a negation of desire or action.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Writing:

   • 이곳에서는 담배를 피우는 것은 안 됩니다.
     Smoking is not allowed in this area.

2. Informal Conversation:

   • 여기서 소리를 지르면 안 돼.
     You must not shout here.

3. Spoken Advice:

   • 그 일을 하면 안 돼.
     You must not do that work.

4. Written Instructions:

   • 제 시간에 도착하지 않으면 안 됩니다.
     You must arrive on time.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, politeness and respect are paramount. Using ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 shows a level of formality when giving advice or stating prohibitions. This construction is commonly used by parents toward children, teachers toward students, and in formal documentation.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 문제를 일으켜서는 안 됩니다.
  (You must not cause problems.)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Common Mistake: Confusing the form for informal settings, such as using only “안 돼” without proper verb conjugation with ~아/어/여서.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that "서" in "안 되다" indicates action or result, which helps you associate it with prohibition (no action allowed).

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Meaning: ~아/어/여서는 안 되다 expresses prohibition.
• Structure: Combine a verb stem with the appropriate ending and follow with "안 되다".
• Usage Contexts: Formal, spoken and written forms showing restriction.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you express "You must not run" in Korean?
2. What is the informal equivalent of "You must not shout"?
3. What is the ending used when the verb stem ends with 하?