Processing keyword: ~아/어 두다 [a/eo duda] (Leave something in a state)

Korean Grammar Point: ~아/어 두다 [a/eo duda] (Leave something in a state)

1. Introduction

In Korean, the grammatical structure ~아/어 두다 is used to express the idea of leaving something in a certain state or condition, often for future convenience or use. This grammar point is essential for conveying actions that have been completed and are intended to have lasting effects.

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The structure ~아/어 두다 combines the verb ending ~아/어 with the verb 두다 (to place, to leave). Together, they indicate that an action has been done and the result remains or is left as it is.

Structure

Formation

1. Verb Stem: Remove 다 from the dictionary form of the verb.
2. Add ~아/어: Choose ~아 or ~어 based on vowel harmony.
3. Add 두다: Attach 두다 after the conjugated verb.

Vowel Harmony Rules

Verb Stem Ending Vowel	Suffix to Add
아 or 오	~아 두다
Other Vowels	~어 두다

Formation Diagram

[Verb Stem] + 아/어 + 두다

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3. Comparative Analysis

Difference with ~아/어 놓다

Both ~아/어 두다 and ~아/어 놓다 are used to indicate that an action has been completed and left in that state. However:

• ~아/어 두다 often implies that the action was done in preparation for future use or convenience.
• ~아/어 놓다 emphasizes that the action was completed and the result remains, but without the nuance of preparation. Example:
• 문을 열어 두었어요. (I opened the door and left it open. - Possibly for ventilation.)
• 문을 열어 놓았어요. (I opened the door and left it open. - Simply stating the door is open.)

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4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

1. Informal Spoken
   • 방을 미리 청소해 뒀어.
     • I cleaned the room in advance (and left it clean).
2. Formal Spoken
   • 회의실을 예약해 뒀습니다.
     • I have reserved the meeting room.
3. Written Form
   • 필요한 자료를 책상 위에 놓아 두었다.
     • I have placed the necessary materials on the desk.
4. Polite Conversation
   • 제가 케이크를 사 두었어요.
     • I bought a cake (and it's ready).

Contextual Usage

• Preparation: Actions done ahead of time.
  • 음식을 미리 만들어 두었어요.
    • I prepared the food in advance.
• Maintenance of State: Keeping something in a certain condition.
  • 창문을 닫아 두세요.
    • Please keep the window closed.

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5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, being prepared and considering future needs is valued. The use of ~아/어 두다 reflects this mindset by emphasizing actions done for future convenience.

Levels of Politeness

The structure itself doesn't change with politeness levels, but the verb forms should be adjusted accordingly.

• Informal: 해 뒀어.
• Polite: 해 두었어요.
• Formal: 해 두었습니다.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 알아 두다: To know something for future reference.
  • 이 번호를 알아 두세요.
    • Please keep this number in mind.

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. Incorrect Vowel Harmony
   • Incorrect: 먹어 아 두다 ❌
   • Correct: 먹어 어 두다 ✔️
2. Mixing with Future Tense
   • Incorrect: 갈 거예요 두다 ❌
   • Correct: 가 아 두다 ✔️

Tips for Learners

• Mnemonic Device: Think of 두다 as "do and leave it done."
• Practice: Conjugate different verbs with ~아/어 두다 to become familiar with vowel harmony.

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~아/어 두다 is used to indicate that an action has been completed and its result is left for future use.
• Proper conjugation requires attention to vowel harmony.
• It often conveys preparation or maintaining a state.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you say "I have written it down (and it's there for you)": a) 적어 뒀어요. b) 적어 놨어요.
2. Choose the correct form:
   • 문을 (닫아 둬요 / 닫어 둬요). Answers:
3. a) 적어 뒀어요.
4. 닫아 둬요.

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By understanding and practicing ~아/어 두다, you can express actions done for future benefit, adding depth and practicality to your Korean communication.

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