Processing keyword: ~도록 [dorok] (So that, in order to)

Korean Grammar Point: ~도록 [dorok] (So that, in order to)

Understanding the Korean Grammar Point: ~도록 (dorok)

1. Introduction

In Korean, ~도록 (pronounced dorok) is a versatile grammatical particle used to express purpose, result, or extent. It is often translated as "so that," "in order to," or "to the extent that" in English. Mastering ~도록 will enhance your ability to convey intentions, goals, and degrees of actions in more nuanced ways in both spoken and written Korean.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning and Usage

~도록 is attached to verbs to express:

1. Purpose or intention: Indicating the goal or purpose of an action.
2. Result or effect: Showing the outcome or effect caused by an action.
3. Extent or degree: Describing the extent to which an action is done.

Structure

The general formation is:

• Verb Stem + 도록

Formation Diagram

[Verb Stem] + 도록

Detailed Explanation

1. Expressing Purpose or Intention When ~도록 is used to express purpose, it is similar to "so that" or "in order to" in English.
   • Example: 이해하도록 설명하다.
   • Translation: Explain so that (someone) understands.
2. Expressing Result or Effect It can indicate that a preceding action results in a certain effect.
   • Example: 길이 막히지 않도록 일찍 출발하세요.
   • Translation: Depart early so that you don't get stuck in traffic.
3. Expressing Extent or Degree Describes doing something to a certain extent or degree.
   • Example: 목이 아프도록 소리치다.
   • Translation: Shout to the extent that one's throat hurts.

Visual Aid: Usage Breakdown Table

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparing ~도록 with ~기 위해(서)

Both ~도록 and ~기 위해(서) can express purpose, but there are nuances.

• ~도록 can be used for both purpose and extent, whereas ~기 위해서 is primarily for purpose.
• ~도록 is more versatile and can imply causing an effect or result.

  Grammar Point	Usage	Example	Translation
  ~도록	Purpose/Extent/Result	기억하도록 메모하세요.	Make a note so that you remember.
  ~기 위해서	Purpose only	기억하기 위해서 메모하세요.	Make a note in order to remember.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Context

1. 회의에 늦지 않도록 빨리 가십시오.
   • Please go quickly so that you are not late for the meeting.
2. 환경을 보호하도록 노력합시다.
   • Let's make efforts so that we protect the environment.

Informal Context

1. 감기에 걸리지 않도록 따뜻하게 입어.
   • Dress warmly so that you don't catch a cold.
2. 시험에 합격하도록 열심히 공부했어.
   • I studied hard so that I could pass the exam.

Written Context

1. 사람들이 이해할 수 있도록 자세히 설명했습니다.
   • I explained in detail so that people could understand.
2. 데이터가 손실되지 않도록 백업을 만들었습니다.
   • I created a backup so that data wouldn't be lost.

Spoken Context

1. 넘어지지 않도록 조심해!
   • Be careful so that you don't fall!
2. 네가 들을 수 있도록 크게 말할게.
   • I'll speak loudly so that you can hear.

5. Cultural Notes

Levels of Politeness and Formality

• ~도록 can be used in both formal and informal situations without changing its form.
• The level of politeness is conveyed through sentence endings rather than the particle ~도록 itself.

Idiomatic Expressions Using ~도록

1. 뼈가 부러지도록 운동하다
   • To exercise to the extent that bones break (meaning excessive exercise)
2. 입이 아프도록 말하다
   • To talk to the extent that the mouth hurts (meaning talking a lot or repeatedly)

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. **Confusing with ~까지
   • Incorrect: 밤새까지 공부했어요. (Using ~까지 to express extent)
   • Correct: 밤새도록 공부했어요.
2. Using ~도록 with adjectives
   • Incorrect: 예쁜도록 꽃을 샀어요. (~도록 is not used with adjectives)
   • Correct: 예쁜 꽃을 샀어요.

Tips to Remember

• Mnemonic for Purpose: Think of ~도록 as "do-rock" your goal (do it to achieve the goal).
• Association for Extent: Associate ~도록 with "to the limit of the action."

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~도록 is used to express purpose, result, or extent.
• It's attached directly to verb stems.
• Versatile in expressing "so that," "in order to," or "to the extent that."
• Can be used in various contexts without changing form.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you express "Study hard so that you can succeed" using ~도록?
   • Answer: 성공하도록 열심히 공부하세요.
2. True or False: ~도록 can be used with adjectives.
   • Answer: False
3. Fill in the blank: 넘어지지 않_____ 조심하세요. (So that you don't fall, be careful.)
   • Answer: 넘어지지 않도록 조심하세요.

By understanding and practicing ~도록, you'll be able to express purposes and extents more naturally in Korean, enhancing both your speaking and comprehension skills.