Korean Grammar Point
~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ [dani] (Expressing disbelief)

Used to express surprise, doubt, or disbelief regarding a particular situation or piece of information.

Formation

Verb-๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ / Adjective-๋‹ค๋‹ˆ / Noun์ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ

Examples

์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ๋– ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.

Uri abeojiga naeil geuphage haeoero tteonandani jeonhyeo mideul su eopseoyo.

I can't believe that my father is leaving for overseas in a hurry tomorrow.

๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Neoga jinjjaro ireohge eoryeoun munjereul haegyeolhaetdani jeongmal nollapseubnida.

I'm really amazed that you actually solved such a difficult problem.

์›๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํŒ€์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„.

Wonrae gyehoegi dallajil geonde, geuga i tim-ui rideoga doel georani midgiji ana.

The original plan was to change, but I can't believe that he's going to be the leader of this team.

๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์•„์‰ฝ๋‹ค.

Manheun saramdeuli gidaehago isseonneunde, gongyeoni chwisodoedani aswipda.

A lot of people were looking forward to it, but it's a shame that the performance was canceled.

Long Explanation

~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ is attached to the end of a sentence or clause to convey the speaker's disbelief, shock, or doubt about something they have just heard or observed.

Detailed Grammar Notes

Processing keyword: ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ [dani] (Expressing disbelief)

Korean Grammar Point: ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ [dani] (Expressing disbelief)

1. Introduction

In Korean, the suffix ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ is used to express surprise, disbelief, or amazement upon learning new information or witnessing an unexpected situation. This grammatical structure allows the speaker to convey emotions akin to "I can't believe that..." or "How could it be that..." in English.


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ending is attached to verbs and adjectives to express the speaker's astonishment or disbelief about a fact or situation. It emphasizes the unexpectedness or incredulity of the information received.

Structure

Formation

  1. For Verbs and Adjectives:
    • Verb/Adjective Stem + ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ
  2. For Nouns with '์ด๋‹ค':
    • Noun + (์ด)๋ผ๋‹ˆ
      • Use ์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ after consonant-ending nouns.
      • Use ๋ผ๋‹ˆ after vowel-ending nouns.

Formation Diagram

Word Type Word Stem Suffix Result
Action Verb ๊ฐ€๋‹ค (to go) ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋‹ˆ
Descriptive Verb ํฌ๋‹ค (to be big) ํฌ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ํฌ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ
Noun (consonant) ์ง‘ (house) ์ง‘ ์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ
Noun (vowel) ์นœ๊ตฌ (friend) ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ผ๋‹ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋‹ˆ

Usage Notes

  • Used to express surprise, disbelief, or amazement.
  • Often followed by exclamatory endings or further comments expressing the speaker's feelings.

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

Grammar Point Structure Usage
~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ Verb/Adj + ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ Expressing disbelief or surprise about a fact
~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š” Verb/Adj + ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š” Polite version, often used in questions
~๋”๋‹ˆ Verb/Adj + ๋”๋‹ˆ Indicating cause or contrast in experiences
~๋„ค Verb/Adj + ๋„ค Expressing surprise or impression
  • ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ vs. ~๋”๋‹ˆ: While both can be used with verbs and adjectives, ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ expresses disbelief about a current fact, whereas ~๋”๋‹ˆ is used to contrast past experiences with the present.
  • ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ vs. ~๋„ค: ~๋„ค is used to express a realization or impression, whereas ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ emphasizes disbelief.

4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

  1. Informal Speech
    • ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด!
      • I can't believe you finished it so quickly!
    • ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง์ด์•ผ?
      • She moved away? Is that true?
  2. Formal Speech
    • ๊ทธ๋ถ„์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์˜ค์…จ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
      • I'm surprised that he came in person.
    • ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
      • It's shocking that the price has increased like this.
  3. Written Context
    • ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€๋‹ค.
      • That he won was an unexpected result.
  4. Spoken Casual Conversation
    • ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
      • It's hard to believe that you said that.
  5. With Nouns
    • ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋ผ๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง์ด์•ผ?
      • This is free? Really?
    • ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฒ”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ผ!
      • That person is the culprit? That's ridiculous!

5. Cultural Notes

Politeness Levels

  • ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ is relatively neutral in politeness but can be adjusted by adding polite endings:
    • ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š” is a more polite form, suitable for formal situations or when speaking to someone of higher status.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ!
    • I can't believe such a thing is happening in the world!
    • Used to express extreme surprise or disbelief about an unusual event.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

  1. Confusing ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ with ~๋”๋‹ˆ
    • Incorrect: ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด. (Using ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ to indicate cause and effect.)
    • Correct: ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค. (~๋”๋‹ˆ is appropriate for contrasting past and present.)
  2. Misplacing the Suffix
    • Incorrect: ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ž.
    • Correct: ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ž. (Using ~๋‹ˆ๊นŒ to indicate reason; ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ is for expressing disbelief.)

Learning Strategies

  • Mnemonic Device: Think of ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ as "Da-nee?!" as in "Really?!", expressing surprise.
  • Practice: Create sentences about surprising facts you learn daily to get comfortable with the structure.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ is used to express surprise or disbelief about a fact or situation.
  • Attach ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ directly to the verb or adjective stem.
  • For nouns with '์ด๋‹ค', use (์ด)๋ผ๋‹ˆ.
  • It conveys emotions similar to "I can't believe that..." in English.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. How do you attach ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ to the adjective ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค (to be pretty)?
    • Answer: ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ
  2. Translate the following sentence: "He got married already? I can't believe it!"
    • Answer: ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์จ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด!
  3. Which form of ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ would you use after the noun ์นœ๊ตฌ (friend)?
    • Answer: ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋‹ˆ

By understanding and practicing ~๋‹ค๋‹ˆ, you can more naturally express your surprise and disbelief in Korean conversations. Remember to pay attention to the context and the formality level of your speech to communicate effectively!


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