Processing keyword: ~다고 [dago] (Saying that)

Korean Grammar Point: ~다고 [dago] (Saying that)

Grammar Point: ~다고 (dago) - Saying That

1. Introduction

The structure "~다고" is a reported speech ending in Korean. It is used to express what someone has said or to quote someone's words indirectly. This grammar is essential for relaying information or sharing what others have expressed.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

The structure "~다고" is attached to the verb or adjective stem of a statement. It indicates that the speaker is relaying what someone else said. In Korean, the verb or adjective is first conjugated to the appropriate tense before being followed by "다고".

• Structure Breakdown:
  • (Verb/Adjective Stem) + 다고

Examples of Usage:

1. Affirmative Statement:

   • Verb Example:

     • Original: "가다" (to go)
     • Reported: "그가 간다고 했어요." (He said that he is going.)

   • Adjective Example:

     • Original: "예쁘다" (to be pretty)
     • Reported: "그녀가 예쁘다고 했어요." (She said that she is pretty.)

Visual Aids

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points:

• ~다고 vs. ~다고 하다:

  • "~다고" is often used directly after a verb or adjective without additional verbs. In contrast, adding "하다" can make it clearer that you are quoting someone.
    • Example:
      • "그가 간다고 해요." (He says that he is going.)
      • "그가 간다고 했어요." (He said that he is going.)

• ~다고 vs. ~라고:

  • "~라고" is used mainly for quoting nouns or direct speech.
    • Example:
      • "그는 '가고 싶다'고 했어요." (He said, 'I want to go.')

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:

   • "그는 내일 올 것이라고 하였습니다." (He said he will come tomorrow.)

2. Informal:

   • "그녀가 맛있다고 했어." (She said it’s delicious.)

3. Written:

   • "의사들은 운동이 중요하다고 주장합니다." (Doctors claim that exercise is important.)

4. Spoken:

   • "아빠가 피곤하다고 했어." (Dad said he’s tired.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Korean culture, reporting what someone has said is common in conversations. Using "~다고" demonstrates the speaker's intent to respect and acknowledge the original speaker's words. This is particularly relevant in hierarchical social structures where recounting one’s elders or superiors is important.

Idiomatic Expressions

• "그렇게 말한 적이 없다." (I never said that.)
  • This could be reported using "라고" or "다고", depending on the context.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Omitting the "다고":
  • It’s common for learners to drop "다고" when quoting a statement.
  • Incorrect: "그는 간다고 했어요." (Correct: "그가 간다고 했어요.")

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device:
  • Think of "~다고" as "saying that"; whenever you need to mention what someone has said, remember to connect it with "다고".

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• "~다고" is used for reported speech in Korean.
• Attach "다고" to the stem of verbs and adjectives to quote someone.
• It plays a crucial role in maintaining politeness and respect in conversations.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How would you say "He said that he is sad" using "~다고"?
2. What is the difference between "다고" and "라고"?

Feel free to ask questions or request further explanations!