Processing keyword: ~기에는 [gieneun] (For doing)

Korean Grammar Point: ~기에는 [gieneun] (For doing)

1. Introduction

In Korean, expressing judgments, evaluations, or considerations about a particular action or state often involves specific grammatical constructions. One such construction is ~기에는 (gieneun), which can be roughly translated to "for doing" or "considering that". This grammar point is used to evaluate or make judgments about the content described in the preceding clause.

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

~기에는 is used to express that something is (too) ... for doing something else. It indicates that the content of the main clause is not suitable, sufficient, or excessive in relation to the action or state described by the verb attached to ~기에는.

Structure

The structure of ~기에는 involves attaching it to the verb stem of an action or descriptive verb. Formation:

Verb stem + 기에는

Formation Diagram

Verb Type	Verb Stem	Attach 기에는	Result
Action Verb	먹다 (to eat)	먹 + 기에는	먹기에는
Descriptive Verb	춥다 (to be cold)	춥 + 기에는	춥기에는

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3. Comparative Analysis

~기에는 vs. ~기에

• ~기에 is also used to mean "because", "since", or "so", focusing on the reason or cause.
• ~기에는 emphasizes evaluation or judgment regarding the suitability or sufficiency for an action. Example Comparison:
• 시간이 없기에 빨리 가야 해요.
  • "Since we don't have time, we need to go quickly."
• 시간이 없기에는 너무 일을 많이 맡았어요.
  • "Considering we don't have time, we have taken on too much work."

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4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

1. 이 옷은 날씨가 춥기에는 너무 얇아요.
   • This clothing is too thin for the cold weather.
2. 그 영화는 아이들이 보기에는 무서운 장면이 많아요.
   • That movie has many scary scenes for children to watch.
3. 가격이 비싸기에는 품질이 별로예요.
   • Considering the price is high, the quality isn't great.
4. 혼자서 하기에는 일이 너무 많아요.
   • The work is too much for doing it alone.
5. 지금 가기에는 시간이 너무 늦었어요.
   • It's too late now to go.

Formal and Informal Uses

• Formal Speech:
  • 이 문제는 초보자가 풀기에는 어렵습니다.
    • This problem is difficult for a beginner to solve.
• Informal Speech:
  • 너한테는 이 신발이 크기에는 너무 커 보여.
    • These shoes look too big for you.

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5. Cultural Notes

Levels of Politeness and Formality

• ~기에는 can be used in both formal and informal contexts without changing its form.
• The level of politeness is adjusted by the verb endings in the main clause.

Social Norms

• In Korean culture, expressing consideration for suitability or appropriateness is common.
• Using ~기에는 reflects a thoughtful assessment, which aligns with the collectivist and considerate aspects of Korean society.

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. **Confusing ~기에는 with ~기에:
   • Misusing ~기에 when the context requires an evaluation rather than a reason.
2. Incorrect Verb Attachment:
   • Attaching ~기에는 to the infinitive form (e.g., 먹어요기에) instead of the verb stem (먹기에).

Tips

• Remember the Function: Use ~기에는 when making judgments or evaluations about suitability.
• Check the Verb Stem: Always attach ~기에는 directly to the verb stem without any conjugation.

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~기에는 is used to evaluate or judge the suitability, sufficiency, or appropriateness of something for a particular action.
• Attach ~기에는 directly to the verb stem.
• It is different from ~기에, which expresses reason or cause.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you attach ~기에는 to the verb 놀다 (to play)?
   • Answer: 놀 + 기에는 = 놀기에는
2. Translate the following sentence:
   • 이 책은 초보자가 읽기에는 내용이 어려워요.
   • Answer: This book's content is difficult for a beginner to read.
3. True or False: ~기에는 can be used interchangeably with ~기에.
   • Answer: False

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By mastering ~기에는, you can express nuanced evaluations and judgments in Korean, enhancing both your spoken and written communication.

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