Processing keyword: ~기로 되다 [giro dweda] (It is decided/settled)
Korean Grammar Point: ~기로 되다 [giro dweda] (It is decided/settled)
1. Introduction
In Korean, expressing decisions or arrangements that have been made often involves specific grammatical constructions. One such construction is ~기로 되다, which is used to indicate that something has been decided or settled, usually by external factors or mutual agreement. This lesson will delve into the usage of ~기로 되다, helping you understand its formation, meaning, and how it differs from similar expressions.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning and Usage
~기로 되다 is attached to the verb stem to express that it has been decided or arranged for something to happen. The decision is often beyond the speaker's control or is a result of a mutual agreement.
- 기로: A grammatical particle that means "decide to" when combined with verbs.
- 되다: Means "to become" or "to be done." Combined, ~기로 되다 translates to "it has been decided to..." or "it is arranged that..."
Structure
The structure of ~기로 되다 is straightforward:
- Verb Stem + -기로 되다
Formation Diagram
[Verb Stem] + 기로 되다
- 가다 (to go) → 가기로 되다 (It is decided to go)
- 회의하다 (to have a meeting) → 회의하기로 되다 (It is decided to have a meeting)
Visual Aid: Conjugation Table
| Verb (Dictionary Form) | Verb Stem | ~기로 되다 Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 가다 (to go) | 가 | 가기로 되다 | It is decided to go |
| 만나다 (to meet) | 만나 | 만나기로 되다 | It is decided to meet |
| 시작하다 (to start) | 시작하 | 시작하기로 되다 | It is decided to start |
| 끝나다 (to end) | 끝나 | 끝나기로 되다 | It is decided to end |
3. Comparative Analysis
~기로 하다 vs. ~기로 되다
- ~기로 하다: Indicates a personal decision or intention. The subject decides to do something.
- Example: 저는 내일부터 운동하기로 했어요. (I decided to exercise from tomorrow.)
- ~기로 되다: Indicates that something has been decided or arranged, often by external factors or agreement.
- Example: 회의는 다음 주에 열기로 되었습니다. (It has been decided that the meeting will be held next week.) Key Difference: ~기로 하다 implies the subject's own decision, while ~기로 되다 suggests that the decision has been made by others or as a result of circumstances.
4. Examples in Context
Formal Context
- 회의는 월요일에 열기로 되었습니다.
- It has been decided that the meeting will be held on Monday.
- 새로운 정책은 다음 달부터 시행되기로 되었다.
- It has been settled that the new policy will be implemented starting next month.
Informal Context
- 우리 내일 만나기로 됐어.
- It's been decided that we'll meet tomorrow.
- 영화는 취소되기로 됐다고 들었어.
- I heard that the movie has been decided to be canceled.
Written Context
- 공사는 이번 주말에 시작되기로 되었다.
- It has been arranged that the construction will start this weekend.
Spoken Context
- 파티는 저녁 7시에 시작하기로 됐어요.
- It's been decided that the party will start at 7 PM.
5. Cultural Notes
Levels of Politeness and Formality
In Korean, politeness levels are crucial. ~기로 되다 can be used in both formal and informal situations, but the verb 되다 can be conjugated accordingly.
- Formal Polite: 되었습니다, 되었다
- Informal Polite: 됐어요, 됐다
- Informal: 됐어
Cultural Relevance
Using ~기로 되다 reflects a passive stance, indicating that the speaker is referring to a decision made by a group or external factors, which aligns with the collectivist nature of Korean society where group decisions are common.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Error Analysis
- Mixing up with ~기로 하다: Learners often confuse ~기로 되다 with ~기로 하다. Remember that ~기로 하다 is for personal decisions, while ~기로 되다 is for external or agreed-upon decisions.
- Incorrect Verb Stem Usage: Ensure you attach 기로 되다 directly to the verb stem without any additional particles.
Learning Strategies
- Mnemonic Device: Associate 되다 with "become" or "be done" to remember that ~기로 되다 implies the decision has been made by others or circumstances.
- Practice with Common Verbs: Use frequently used verbs to form sentences, which will help internalize the structure.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- ~기로 되다 is used to express that it has been decided or arranged for something to happen.
- The decision is typically made by external factors or mutual agreement, not solely by the speaker.
- It differs from ~기로 하다, which indicates personal decision or intention.
Quick Recap Quiz
- How do you express "It has been decided to travel next month" using ~기로 되다?
- What is the key difference between ~기로 하다 and ~기로 되다?
- Fill in the blank: 회의는 오후 3시에 시작_______.
Answers:
- 다음 달에 여행하기로 되었어요.
- ~기로 하다 indicates a personal decision; ~기로 되다 indicates a decision made by others or by agreement.
- 시작되기로 되었습니다.
By mastering ~기로 되다, you'll be able to accurately describe decisions or arrangements that have been made, enhancing both your understanding and communication in Korean.