Processing keyword: 아/어/여서는 안 되다 [a/eo/yeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not, shouldn't)

Korean Grammar Point: 아/어/여서는 안 되다 [a/eo/yeoseoneun an doeda] (Must not, shouldn't)

Grammar Point: 아/어/여서는 안 되다 [a/eo/yeoseoneun an doeda] (Must Not, Shouldn't)

Introduction

The grammar point 아/어/여서는 안 되다 is used to indicate something that should not be done. It expresses prohibition or advice against an action. This structure is critical in Korean, especially when emphasizing what is unacceptable or not allowed.

Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• 아/어/여서는 안 되다 translates to "must not" or "shouldn't" in English.

Structure

The construction consists of the following parts:

1. Verb Stem: The base form of a verb.
2. Ending: The appropriate form of 아/어/여 is added depending on the vowel in the last syllable of the verb stem.
3. 안 되다: Means "must not be" or "should not be".

Formation Diagram

1. Identify the verb stem.
2. Add 아/어/여 based on the last vowel of the verb:
   • If the last vowel is ㅏ or ㅗ, add 아.
   • If the last vowel is ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅣ, or any other vowel, add 어.
   • If the verb ends in 하, use 여 (from 하다).
3. Combine with 서는 안 되다.

Examples of Verb Stems

Comparative Analysis

This grammar point contrasts with -지 말다, which also expresses prohibition but in a slightly different manner.

• -지 말다 often seems milder and is used more informally.
• 아/어/여서는 안 되다 has a stronger, more emphatic connotation, making it more suitable for formal contexts or greater seriousness.

Example Comparison

• Verb: 가다 (to go)
  • 가야지 말다 (Don't go.)
  • 가서는 안 되다 (You must not go.)

Examples in Context

Formal Contexts

1. 이 일은 비밀이니까, 다른 사람에게 말해서는 안 됩니다.
   • (Since this work is secret, you must not tell other people.)

Informal Contexts

2. 그렇게 하면 아프니까, 정말 해서는 안 돼.
   • (If you do that, you'll get hurt, so you really shouldn't do it.)

Spoken Language

3. 여기서 담배를 피우면 안 돼!
   • (You must not smoke here!)

Written Language

4. 이 지침에 따라 행동하지 않으면 안 됩니다.
   • (You must not act outside of these guidelines.)

Cultural Notes

Using 아/어/여서는 안 되다 often reflects Korean cultural values of respect and compliance with societal rules or norms. The intensity of the prohibition makes it suitable for official settings, such as schools, workplaces, or formal gatherings.

Levels of Politeness

• The formality of language in Korea is crucial. Using this structure in a polite manner is important to maintain respect, especially when addressing elders or superiors.

Idiomatic Expressions

• Common phrase: "안 되면 더 이상 만지지 마세요." (If it’s not allowed, please do not touch anymore.)

Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mixing Up Verb Forms: Learners often confuse when to apply 아, 어, or 여, especially with irregular verbs.
• Overusing: Using this form too casually can come off as excessively harsh in informal conversations.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember the vowel harmony rule: "A for A and O, E for the rest!"
• Practice with different verbs to get familiar with the endings.

Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 아/어/여서는 안 되다 indicates prohibition.
• Use it in formal and serious contexts.
• Differentiate it from -지 말다 for appropriate usage.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does 아/어/여서는 안 되다 mean?
2. Which verb form should be used if the last vowel is ㅓ?
3. Provide an example sentence using 아/어/여서는 안 되다 in a formal context. Understanding and practicing 아/어/여서는 안 되다 will enhance your communication in Korean, particularly in formal situations or when giving advice regarding acceptable behavior.