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Korean Grammar Point
아/어야 해요 [a/eoya haeyo] (Have to do)

아/어야 해요 [a/eoya haeyo] (Have to do)

Short explanation:

Used to express the necessity or obligation to do something; 'have to', 'should', 'must'.

Formation:

Dictionary form of Verb + 아/어야 해요

Examples:

이렇게 많은 공부가 있으니까, 우리는 빨리 시작해야 해요, 그렇지 않으면 시간이 부족해져서 모든 것을 완료할 수 없습니다.
Ireohke manheun gongbuga isseunikka, urineun ppalli sijakhaeya haeyo, geureohji anheumyeon sigani bujokhaejyeoseo modeun geoseul wanryohal su eopsseubnida.
Since we have so much studying to do, we have to start quickly; otherwise, we won't have enough time to complete everything.
주말에 시험이 있으므로, 저는 지금부터 준비해야 해요, 그만큼 공부하지 않으면 시험에 실패할 수 있어요.
Jumal-e siheom-i iss-eumyeo, jeoneun jigeumbuteo junbihaeya haeyo, geumankeum gongbuha-ji anh-eumyeon siheom-e silpaehal su iss-eoyo.
Since I have an exam this weekend, I have to prepare from now on, if I don't study that much, I might fail the exam.
내일 회사에 아침 일찍 가야 해요, 중요한 회의 때문에 매우 중요하니까.
Naeil hoesae achim iljjik gaya haeyo, jungyohan hoeyi ttaemune maewoo jungyohanikka.
I have to go to the office early in the morning tomorrow because of an important meeting, which is very important.
여름에는 SPF를 바르는 것이 중요하므로, 나가기 전에 항상 자외선 차단제를 바르아야 해요, 아니면 피부가 상할 수 있어요.
Yeoreumeneun SPFreul bareuneun geosi jung-yohamyeo, na-gagi jeone hangsang jawe-seon chadanje-reulbareoya haeyo, animyeon pibuga sanghal su isseoyo.
Since it is important to apply SPF in the summer, you always have to apply sunscreen before going out or else your skin might get damaged.

Long explanation:

The grammar point '아/어야 해요 [a/eoya haeyo]' is used in Korean to express the need or requirement to do a certain action. It is used to emphasize an obligation or duty that one ought to do, similar to 'have to' or 'should' in English. This construction is particularly common in giving advice or stating something that must be done.

Detailed Grammar notes:

Processing keyword: 아/어야 해요 [a/eoya haeyo] (Have to do)

Korean Grammar Point: 아/어야 해요 [a/eoya haeyo] (Have to do)

아/어야 해요 [a/eoya haeyo] (Have to do)

1. Introduction

The Korean grammar point 아/어야 해요 expresses obligation or necessity, similar to "have to" or "must" in English. It's used when indicating that someone is required to perform a certain action.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

  • 아/어야 해요 conveys that an action must be done or needs to be done.
  • It implies a sense of duty or necessity.

Structure

The general structure is:

[Verb Stem] + 아/어야 해요

Formation Diagram

To form 아/어야 해요, follow these steps:

  1. Identify the verb stem by removing 다 from the dictionary form.
  2. Determine whether to use 아 or 어 based on the vowel harmony rules.
    • If the last vowel of the verb stem is 아 or 오, add 아야 해요.
    • For all other vowels, add 어야 해요.
  3. Attach 해요 to complete the expression.

Verb Ending Selection Table

Verb Stem Ending Vowel Add Example Verb Verb Stem Result
아 or 오 아야 해요 가다 (to go) 가 가야 해요
Other Vowels 어야 해요 먹다 (to eat) 먹 먹어야 해요
하 여야 해요 하다 (to do) 하 해야 해요

3. Comparative Analysis

  • 아/어야 해요 vs. 아/어도 돼요 (May I...?)
    • 아/어야 해요 implies obligation.
    • 아/어도 돼요 asks for or grants permission.
  • 아/어서는 안 돼요 (Must not do)
    • Used to express prohibition.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Situations

  1. 회의에 늦으면 안 됩니다. 시간을 지켜야 해요.
    • You must not be late for the meeting. You have to be on time.
  2. 건강을 위해 매일 운동해야 해요.
    • You have to exercise every day for your health.

Informal Situations

  1. 지금 가야 해.
    • I have to go now.
  2. 숙제를 빨리 끝내야 해.
    • I have to finish my homework quickly.

Spoken Language

  1. 내일까지 보고서를 제출해야 해요?
    • Do I have to submit the report by tomorrow?
  2. 배가 고프면 먹어야죠.
    • If you're hungry, you have to eat.

Written Language

  1. 학생들은 수업 시간에 휴대폰을 사용하지 말아야 합니다. 집중해야 해요.
    • Students should not use cell phones during class time. They have to concentrate.
  2. 환경을 보호하기 위해 쓰레기를 줄여야 해요.
    • We have to reduce waste to protect the environment.

5. Cultural Notes

Politeness Levels

  • 아/어야 해요 is polite and suitable for most situations.
  • In formal writing or speeches, 아/어야 합니다 may be used for higher formality.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • 어려울 때일수록 서로 도와야 해요.
    • We have to help each other, especially in difficult times.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

  1. Incorrect Verb Stem Usage
    • Mistake: 하다 → 하아야 해요
    • Correction: 하다 → 해야 해요
  2. Using the Wrong Ending
    • Mistake: 먹다 → 먹아야 해요
    • Correction: 먹다 → 먹어야 해요

Tips

  • Mnemonic for Vowel Harmony
    • 아/오 verbs take 아야 해요.
    • All other verbs take 어야 해요.
    • 하다 verbs become 해야 해요.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • 아/어야 해요 is used to express obligation or necessity.
  • Formation depends on the verb stem's last vowel.
  • It's important to choose the correct ending to sound natural.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. How do you say "I have to study" in Korean?
  2. Choose the correct form: 읽다 → 읽아야 해요 or 읽어야 해요?
  3. What is the polite formal version of 아/어야 해요? Answers:
  4. 공부해야 해요.
  5. 읽어야 해요.
  6. 아/어야 합니다.

Feel free to revisit this lesson for practice, and try creating your own sentences using 아/어야 해요!

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