Japanese essentials
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まける
to give a price reduction
Verb
Kare ni gēmu de makeru no ga yurusenai
I cannot stand losing to him in the game.
Taisen aite ni wa zettai ni makeru wake ni wa ikanai
I can't afford to lose to my opponent.
すぎる
to pass, to exceed; to be too much (attached to a verb, adjective, adverb)
Verb
Jikan ga sugiru no wa hayai desu ne.
Time passes quickly, doesn't it?
Ashita wa mou Shichigatsu ga sugiru.
Tomorrow, July will already be over.
しめる
to take, to hold, to occupy
Verb
Kono shigoto wa watashi no ichinichi no jikan no hanbun o shimeru
This job takes up half of my day's time.
Sono kaisha wa shijou no hachijuu paasento o shimete iru
That company occupies 80% of the market.
はく
to vomit, to breathe out
Verb
Kare wa kinchou no amari, butai no ue de haite shimatta
He was so nervous that he threw up on stage.
Osake o nomisugite, kanojo wa haite shimatta
She drank too much alcohol and vomited.
すむ
to live
Verb
Toukyou ni sumu no wa totemo takai desu.
Living in Tokyo is very expensive.
Sunde iru apaato wa eki kara chikai desu.
The apartment where I live is close to the station.
おきる
to wake up, to get up, to occur
Verb
Maiasa rokuji ni okiru.
I wake up at 6 o'clock every morning.
Jishin ga okita toki, sugu ni hinan suru you ni shite kudasai.
When an earthquake occurs, please try to evacuate immediately.
はる
to pitch, to stretch, to extend
Verb
Kao ni hoo-beni o haru.
Apply rouge to the cheeks.
Harikitte shigoto ni torikumu.
Work enthusiastically.
おさえる
to hold, to catch
Verb
Kare wa kanojo no te o osaete tometa.
He held her hand and stopped her.
Juuyou na pointo o osaeta setsumei ga motomeraremasu.
An explanation that covers the important points is required.
おれる
to be broken, to give in, to turn, to be folded
Verb
Kare wa koronde ude ga oreru
He falls and breaks his arm.
Taifuu de ki ga orete iru
Trees have been broken by the typhoon.
しまる
to be tight, to be firm, to be thrifty
Verb
Fukkin ga shimatte kita.
My abdominal muscles are getting tight.
Kubi ga shimaru omoi de shimekiri-bi ni maniatta.
I made it to the deadline feeling like my neck was on the line.
うつ
to beat, to strike, to hit
Verb
Kono piano wa oto ga utsukushiku utsu koto ga dekiru
This piano can produce beautiful sounds when played.
Kare wa puro no yakyuu senshu de, donna pitchi mo utsu koto ga dekimasu
He is a professional baseball player, and can hit any pitch.
すすむ
to advance, to progress, to go forward
Verb
Kono michi o massugu susunde kudasai
Please go straight on this road.
Karera wa douro zoi ni susundeita
They were moving along the road.
あらわす
to show, to express
Verb
Kare no kao wa yorokobi o arawashite ita
His face expressed joy.
Kono e wa sakusha no kanjou o umaku arawashite iru
This painting well represents the author's emotions.
ぬる
to paint, to spread, to put on (make-up)
Verb
Kabe ni penki o nuru koto ni shimashita.
I decided to paint the walls with paint.
Kare wa hiyakedome o kao ni nutte imashita.
He was applying sunscreen to his face.
もらす
to let leak out, to escape
Verb
Sara ni mizu o kobosazu ni morasanai de sosogu
Pour the water into the plate without spilling or leaking it.
Senyuusha wa jouhou o teki ni morasu koto ga nai you ni ki o tsukenakereba naranai
Infiltrators must be careful not to leak information to the enemy.
きまる
to be decided, to be fixed, to be certain
Verb
Shiken no nittei ga yatto kimatta
The exam schedule has finally been decided.
Kyou no kaigi de atarashii purojekuto ga kimaru deshou
The new project will be decided in today's meeting.
みえる
to be seen, to be able to see, to appear, to come
Verb
Kono basho kara utsukushii keshiki ga mieru.
A beautiful scenery can be seen from this place.
Kare wa doubutsuen de panda ga mieta.
He was able to see the panda at the zoo.
うつる
to be reflected
Verb
Kagami ni jibun no kao ga utsutte iru
My face is reflected in the mirror.
Kono resutoran ni utsuru yuuhi wa utsukushii
The sunset reflected in this restaurant is beautiful.
あずかる
to keep, to take charge of
Verb
Nimotsu o azukatte okimasu.
I will hold onto your luggage for you.
Inu o isshuukan azukaru koto ni narimashita.
I am going to take care of the dog for a week.
かんじる
to feel
Verb
Kare wa yorokobi o kanjiru darou.
He will probably feel joy.
Samusa o kanjiru to, mi ga furueru.
When feeling cold, the body shivers.
きる
to cut, to do completely (attached to verb)
Verb
Yasai o kiru toki wa, yubi o kiranai you ni chuui shite kudasai
Be careful not to cut your fingers when cutting vegetables.
Kami o kiru tame ni biyouin o yoyaku shimashita
I made a reservation at the beauty salon to get my hair cut.
あらわれる
to appear
Verb
Kare ga yokisenu toki ni arawareta
He appeared unexpectedly.
Haru ni naru to sakura no hana ga saite utsukushisa ga arawareru
In spring, cherry blossoms bloom and their beauty appears.
おくれる
to be late for, to be delayed
Verb
Densha ga okureru koto ga yoku aru.
It's common for the train to be delayed.
Teishutsu kigen ni okureru to, penaruti ga kaserareru.
If you're late for the submission deadline, you'll be penalized.
おくれる
to be far behind
Verb
Shiken ni okurete shimatta node, minna no ato o oreru koto ni natta.
Since I was late for the exam, I ended up falling behind everyone.
Shimekiri ni okureru koto ga aru node, hayame ni shigoto o hajimenakereba ikemasen.
Sometimes I fall behind the deadline, so I need to start working earlier.
なさる
to do (honorific)
Verb
O-nomimono wa nani ni nasaimasuka.
What would you like to drink?
Goiken o okikase nasai kudasai.
Please let me hear your opinion.
はたらく
to work, to operate by, to commit a crime
Verb
Shuumatsu wa konbini de hataraiteimasu
I work at a convenience store on weekends.
Kare wa jimoto no byouin de kangoshi to shite hataraiteiru
He works as a nurse at a local hospital.
つく
to stick to, to attend
Verb
Kaigi ni tsukishite gijiroku o kaku.
I will write the minutes for the meeting.
Kare wa ninkimono ni tsuki, gakkou de wa itsumo mawari ni hito ga iru.
He is popular, so there are always people around him at school.
なる
to ring, to sound
Verb
Denwa ga natte iru.
The telephone is ringing.
Gakkou no chaimu ga natta.
The school bell rang.
あたる
to hit, to shine upon
Verb
Takarakuji ni ataru yume o mita.
I had a dream of winning the lottery.
Yogen ga ataru koto wa mezurashii koto de wa nai.
It's not uncommon for prophecies to come true.
かくれる
to hide, to conceal
Verb
Kare wa ki no kage ni kakurete ita.
He was hiding in the shade of a tree.
Kodomo-tachi wa kakurenbo de kakureru no ga jouzu da.
Children are good at hiding in hide-and-seek.
つうじる
to make oneself understood, to lead to, to be well informed, to connect with (telephone)
Verb
Kono douro wa touzai o tsuujite iru.
This road connects the east and west.
Kare wa eigo de ishisootsuu ga tsujiru.
He can communicate his intentions in English.
はじまる
to begin, to start, to break out (intransitive)
Verb
Eiga ga hajimaru mae ni seki ni suwatte kudasai.
Please sit down in your seat before the movie starts.
Atarashii toshi ga hajimaru to, minna wa kibou ni michite imasu.
When a new year begins, everyone is filled with hope.
かす
to lend, to give a hand
Verb
Tomodachi ni okane o kasu koto wa shinchou ni kangaeta hou ga ii
You should think carefully about lending money to a friend.
Kanojo wa watashi ni jibun no nooto o kashite kuremashita
She lent me her notebook.
やぶる
to tear, to break
Verb
Yakusoku o yaburu to shinyou ga ushinawareru koto ga aru.
Breaking a promise can lead to loss of trust.
Kare wa shuukan o yaburu koto de atarashii joukyou ni tekiou shita.
He adapted to the new situation by breaking his habits.
とばす
to let fly, to skip (over), to jump, to hurry
Verb
Kami hikouki o tobasu no ga tanoshii
It's fun to fly a paper airplane.
Kare wa ishi o tobashte ike ni nageireta
He skipped a stone across the pond.
なげる
to throw, to pitch
Verb
Kare wa ishi o nage te, inu o oiharat ta.
He threw a stone and drove the dog away.
Booru o takaku sora ni nageru to, kodomo-tachi wa kansei o ageta.
When the ball was thrown high into the sky, the children cheered.
よる
to depend on, to be due to
Verb
Jiko wa untenshu no fuchuui ni yoru mono da
The accident was caused by the driver's negligence.
Kare no seikou wa doryoku ni yoru tokoro ga ookii
His success is largely due to his efforts.
おう
to bear
Verb
Sekinin o ou beki da
One should bear the responsibility.
Kare wa kazoku no tame ni tadai na kurou o outte iru
He is bearing great hardships for his family.
みせる
to show, to display
Verb
Kare wa atarashii kuruma o miseru tame ni ie ni yattekita.
He came to the house to show off his new car.
Kono e o minna ni miseru no ga tanoshimi desu.
I'm looking forward to showing this painting to everyone.
とける
to dissolve, to melt
Verb
Kōri ga tokeru to mizu ni naru.
When ice melts, it becomes water.
Kare no satō wa atsui ocha ni toketa.
His sugar dissolved in hot tea.
かう
to buy, to incur, to appreciate
Verb
Kono kutsu o kau tsumori desu.
I intend to buy these shoes.
Okashi o kau tame ni suupaamaaketto ni ikimasu.
I will go to the supermarket to buy some sweets.
しく
to spread, to lay, to promulgate (a law)
Verb
Shingu o shiku de neru junbi o suru.
I prepare to sleep by laying out the bedding.
Taoru o benchi ni shiku de suwaru.
I sit on the bench by spreading a towel on it.
つたわる
to be handed down, to be transmitted, to be introduced
Verb
Kare no kimochi ga watashi ni tsutawaru.
His feelings convey to me.
Sensei no oshie ga shikkari tsutawaru you ni, chuui bukaku kiku beki da.
We should listen carefully so that the teacher's teachings are well conveyed.
やける
to be burned, to be grilled
Verb
Taiyou ga teritsukete, hada ga yakeru.
The sun shines and the skin gets burnt.
Pan o yakesugite, makkuro ni yakete shimatta.
I baked the bread too much, and it got burnt black.
しばる
to tie, to bind
Verb
Kare wa jiyuu na hassou ni shibararetakunai.
He doesn't want to be bound by free thinking.
Kanojo wa kanshou ni shibararezu, jibun no sutairu o tsuikyuu shite iru.
She pursues her own style without being bound by conventions.
はなす
to speak
Verb
Kanojo to nagai jikan hanasu no wa tanoshii desu
It's fun to talk with her for a long time.
Chichi wa yoku kazoku no yuushoku o tanoshiku hanashite imasu
My father often talks happily during family dinners.
ゆるす
to forgive, to permit, to allow, to admit into
Verb
あらう
to wash, to inquire into, wash one's hands of an affair
Verb
Te o arau hitsuyou ga arimasu
You need to wash your hands.
Kare wa mainichi kuruma o aratte iru
He washes his car every day.
かわく
to get dry, to be thirsty
Verb
Nodo ga kawaite, mizu ga nomitaku natta
My throat became dry and I wanted to drink water.
Nagai ran'ningu no ato, kare wa hidoku kawaite ita
After a long run, he was very thirsty.
わらう
to laugh, to smile
Verb
Kare wa tanoshisou ni waratte iru
He is laughing happily.
Kanojo no jooku ni minna ga oowarai shita
Everyone laughed loudly at her joke.
さがす
to look for, to investigate
Verb
Kare wa kabin no naka ni kakurete iru hana o sagashimashita
He searched for the flower hiding inside the vase.
Eki shūhen o sagashite kichouhin ga ochite inai ka tashikameta
I searched around the station to make sure that no valuables had fallen.
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