Japanese essentials
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おさえる
to suppress, to control
Verb
Kare wa ikari o osaeru koto ga dekinakatta
He was unable to suppress his anger.
Boryuumu o osaete shizuka ni ongaku o kiku
Listen to music quietly with the volume turned down.
なくす
to lose (things)
Verb
Taisetsu na mono o nakusanai you ni ki o tsukemashou.
Let's be careful not to lose important things.
Kare wa basu ni saifu o nakushite shimatta.
He lost his wallet on the bus.
ならう
to learn
Verb
Nihongo o narau koto ni kyoumi ga aru
I am interested in learning Japanese.
Kanojo wa piano o naratteimasu
She is learning to play the piano.
さがる
to fall, to drop, to hang
Verb
Kyou no kion wa kyuu ni sagatta.
The temperature dropped suddenly today.
Kono michi wo sagatte hidari ni magatte kudasai.
Please go down this street and turn left.
なおる
to be corrected, to be repaired
Verb
Kowareta tokei ga naotte, mata tsukaeru you ni natta.
The broken clock got fixed, and it became usable again.
Kare wa hayaku kaze ga naoru koto o negatte iru.
He is hoping that his cold will get better soon.
たすかる
to be saved, to be rescued, to be spared
Verb
Anata no okage de tasukarimashita
Thanks to you, I was saved.
Kanojo no tasuke de, nagai enzetsu o kiku koto kara tasukarimashita
With her help, I was saved from listening to the long speech.
さく
to bloom
Verb
Haru ni naru to sakura ga saku.
Cherry blossoms bloom when spring comes.
Teien ni wa takusan no hana ga saiteimasu.
Many flowers are blooming in the garden.
きく
to be effective
Verb
Zutsuu kusuri ga sugu ni kiku koto o negatte imasu
I hope the headache medicine works quickly.
Kono doku ni wa gedokuzai ga kiku deshou ka
Will the antidote work for this poison?
だます
to deceive, to cheat
Verb
Kare wa watashi o kantan ni damashita.
He easily deceived me.
Kanojo wa jouzu ni hito o damasu koto ga dekiru.
She can skillfully deceive people.
のばす
to lengthen, to stretch, to spread out
Verb
Kami o nobasu koto ni shimashita.
I decided to grow my hair out.
Kare wa ashi o nobashite rirakkusu shiteimasu.
He is relaxing by stretching his legs.
まく
to bind, to roll up
Verb
Kare wa samusa ni taeru tame ni atsui mafurā o kubi ni maita
He wrapped a thick scarf around his neck to endure the cold.
Kanojo wa ribon o purezento ni maite kawaiku kazatta
She wrapped a ribbon around the gift and decorated it cutely.
たのしむ
to enjoy oneself, to take pleasure in, to have a good time
Verb
Shuumatsu ni kazoku to issho ni tanoshimu yotei ga arimasu.
I have plans to enjoy the weekend with my family.
Eiga o mite tanoshimu koto ga suki desu.
I like to enjoy watching movies.
ふえる
to increase
Verb
Jinkou ga fueru koto de, toshi no mondai ga sara ni shinkokka suru.
As the population increases, the problems of cities become even more serious.
Saikin, shigoto no ryou ga fueru ippou de, jikan ga toremasen.
Recently, with the increasing amount of work, I can't find any time.
もれる
to leak out, to escape
Verb
Mizu ga moreru no wa, doko kara desu ka?
Where is the water leaking from?
Jouhou ga moreru koto wa saketai desu
I want to avoid information leaks.
さす
to insert, to put up
Verb
Asahi ga mado o sashikomu.
The morning sun shines in through the window.
Kare wa kami ni enpitsu de sen o sashita.
He drew a line with a pencil on the paper.
とる
to take a picture
Verb
Kono fuukei o toru noni saiteki na basho wa doko desu ka
Where is the best place to take a picture of this landscape?
Kanojo wa shashin o toru no ga tokui desu
She is good at taking photos.
もうける
to make a profit, to have a child
Verb
Rieki o moukeru tame ni ōku no shōhin o hanbai shita
We sold many products to make a profit.
Kare wa tōshi de takusan no okane o mōketa
He made a lot of money from his investments.
のぼる
to rise
Verb
Taiyou ga noboru no o miru no ga suki desu.
I like watching the sun rise.
Kaidan o nobotte 7-kai ni ikimasu.
I will go up the stairs to the 7th floor.
たてる
to stand, to erect, to raise, to establish
Verb
Kare wa atarashii keikaku o tateru
He made a new plan.
Kanojo wa ude ni hae o tateru
She let a fly land on her arm.
たりる
to be enough, to be sufficient, to suffice
Verb
Okane ga tarinakute, kaimono ga dekimasen
I don't have enough money to go shopping.
Kare no setsumei wa juubun tariru to omoimasu
I think his explanation is sufficient.
みがく
to polish, to brush, to improve, to cultivate
Verb
Kare wa mainichi gitaa no gijutsu o migai te iru
He polishes his guitar skills every day.
Houchou o migaku tame ni toishi ga hitsuyou desu
You need a whetstone to sharpen a knife.
かつ
to win
Verb
Kare wa shiai ni kachimashita.
He won the match.
Watashitachi wa kanarazu kachimasu.
We will definitely win.
とく
to untie, to unfasten, to solve, to relieve of a post
Verb
Nazo o toku no wa tanoshii.
Solving puzzles is fun.
Kare wa suugaku no mondai o subayaku toita.
He solved the math problem quickly.
おくる
to present, to give
Verb
Kanojo ni hana o okuru koto ni shimashita
I decided to give her flowers as a gift.
Seikou o iwatte, kare ni purezento o okuritai
I want to give him a present to celebrate his success.
あらそう
to fight, to compete, to dispute, to contend
Verb
Karera wa chii o arasotte iru.
They are competing for position.
Futari no senshu ga yuushou o arasotta.
The two athletes competed for the championship.
あげる
to raise, to lift, to give, to finish (when attached to verb)
Verb
Te o ageru to shitsumon o suru koto ga dekiru
You can ask a question by raising your hand.
Kanojo wa koe o agete yorokonda
She raised her voice with joy.
とける
to become untied, to be solved
Verb
Muzukashii mondai ga yatto toketa.
I finally solved the difficult problem.
Kono angou wa dare ni mo tokenakatta.
No one could decipher this code.
いわう
to congratulate, to celebrate
Verb
Kanojo no tanjoubi o iwau tame ni paatii o hiraita
We held a party to celebrate her birthday.
Sotsugyou o iwau tame ni tomodachi to shokuji ni itta
I went out to eat with friends to celebrate graduation.
かたづける
to put in order, to tidy up, to finish
Verb
Heya o katazukeru jikan ga nakatta
I didn't have time to clean up the room.
Kanojo wa itsumo hayaku te teinei ni katazukeru
She always tidies up quickly and carefully.
しめす
to show, to indicate, to point out
Verb
Kare wa, shiken ni goukaku shita koto o shoumeisho de shimeshimashita.
He showed that he passed the exam with a certificate.
Watashitachi wa yuujou o shimesu tame ni purezento o koukan shimashita.
We exchanged gifts to show our friendship.
やく
to be jealous of, to envy
Verb
Yaku o nomu mae ni, setsumeisho o yoku yonde kudasai
Please read the instructions carefully before taking the medicine.
Kare wa kaze o hiita node, yaku o nonde nemashita
He caught a cold, so he took medicine and went to bed.
つかれる
to be tired, to be weary
Verb
Ichinichijuu hataraite totemo tsukareta.
I worked all day and got really tired.
Naganjikan benkyou shitara, me ga tsukareru darou.
If you study for a long time, your eyes will probably get tired.
おこす
to start
Verb
Kuni o okosu tame ni, kare wa ooku no kaikaku o okonatta.
He carried out many reforms to build up the country.
Bunka o okosu tame, shi wa samazama na geijutsu ibento o kaisai shite iru.
The city is holding various art events to promote culture.
いく
to go
Verb
Kyou wa kaimono ni iku tsumori desu.
I plan to go shopping today.
Ashita, tomodachi to eiga o mi ni iku yotei desu.
Tomorrow, I plan to go see a movie with my friend.
おぼえる
to remember, to memorize, to learn
Verb
Atarashii tango o oboeru noni jikan ga kakarimasu
It takes time to learn new words.
Kare wa kyuusoku ni nihongo no bunpou o oboemashita
He quickly learned Japanese grammar.
おこる
to get angry
Verb
Kare wa kantan ni okoru taipu no hito desu.
He is the type of person who gets angry easily.
Kanojo ga okoru riyuu ga wakaranai.
I don't understand the reason why she gets angry.
ふく
to blow, to play an instrument (eg: like trumpet, but not like a piano)
Verb
Kaze ga tsuyoku fuite iru
The wind is blowing strongly.
Kare wa toranpetto o fuku no ga jouzu da
He is good at playing the trumpet.
くわえる
to add, to increase
Verb
Kono ryouri ni sukoshi shio o kuwaete kudasai
Please add a little salt to this dish.
Kare wa kanojo no kaiwa ni jibun no iken o kuwaeta
He added his own opinion to her conversation.
むく
to peel, to strip off
Verb
Ashi ga mukunde itai desu.
My legs are swollen and painful.
Nagai hikou de ashi ga mukumu koto ga arimasu.
Legs can swell on long flights.
かける
to bet
Verb
Denwa o kakeru
To make a phone call.
Jikan o kakete setsumei suru
To explain taking time.
かえる
to go home
Verb
Shigoto ga owattara, sugu ni kaeru tsumori da
I plan to go home as soon as my work is done.
Ashita no asa hayaku kaeranakereba naranai
I have to go home early tomorrow morning.
ひく
to play (string instruments)
Verb
Kare wa gitā o umaku hiku koto ga dekiru
He can play the guitar well.
Kanojo wa piano o hiku no ga daisuki da
She loves playing the piano.
あく
to become vacant, to be free
Verb
Zaseki ga aite iru ka dou ka kakunin shite kudasai
Please check if there are any seats available.
Chuushajou ga aku no o matte ita
I was waiting for a parking space to open up.
よむ
to read
Verb
Hon o yomu no ga suki desu
I like reading books.
Mainichi shinbun o yomu shuukan ga aru
I have a habit of reading the newspaper every day.
やとう
to employ, to hire
Verb
Atarashii juugyouin o yatou yotei desu
We plan to hire new employees.
Kanojo wa shougakkou no sensei toshite yatowaremashita
She was hired as an elementary school teacher.
ぬすむ
to steal, to do stealthily
Verb
Kare wa mise kara shouhin o nusunde tsukamatta
He was caught stealing products from the store.
Kanojo no saifu ga dareka ni nusumareta you da
It seems someone stole her wallet.
にる
to boil
Verb
Yasai o niru no ni benrina nabe ga hoshii.
I want a convenient pot for boiling vegetables.
Daikon wa juubun ni yawarakaku niru koto ga juuyou desu.
It is important to boil daikon until it is sufficiently soft.
はこぶ
to carry
Verb
Hikkoshi no nimotsu o hakobu no wa taihen da.
It's hard to carry moving luggage.
Omoi hako o hakobu no ni kurou shita.
I had trouble carrying the heavy box.
おどる
to jump up, to be excited
Verb
Kumo ga sora ni odoru you ni mieta.
The clouds appeared to dance in the sky.
Kanojo no hitomi wa yorokobi de odotte ita.
Her eyes were dancing with joy.
おりる
to come down, to be issued
Verb
Eki no kaidan o oriru toki wa ki o tsukete kudasai.
Please be careful when going down the stairs at the station.
Basu kara oriru mae ni, nimotsu o wasurenai you ni shimashou.
Before getting off the bus, make sure not to forget your belongings.
あける
to open
Verb
Mado o akeru to, shinsen na kuuki ga heya ni haitte kita
When I opened the window, fresh air came into the room.
Tanjoubi purezento o akeru no ga tanoshimi da
I'm looking forward to opening my birthday present.
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