Japanese JLPT Grammar Point
Verb る ことがある (〜ru koto ga aru)

Used to express that something happens sometimes or has happened before.

Formation

Verb-dictionary form + ことがある

Examples

彼は遅刻することがあります。

Kare wa chikoku suru koto ga arimasu.

He is sometimes late.

私は寝坊することがあります。

Watashi wa nebou suru koto ga arimasu.

I sometimes oversleep.

彼女は歌を歌うことがあります。

Kanojo wa uta o utau koto ga arimasu.

She sometimes sings songs.

子供の頃、よく山に登ることがありました。

Kodomo no koro, yoku yama ni noboru koto ga arimashita.

When I was a child, I sometimes climbed mountains.

Long Explanation

The grammar point る ことがある is used to express that something occurs sometimes or has occurred in the past. It indicates that the action is not a regular or constant event, but rather something that takes place occasionally or has happened at least once.

Detailed Grammar Notes

Processing keyword: Verb る ことがある (〜ru koto ga aru)

Japanese Grammar Point: Verb る ことがある (〜ru koto ga aru)

1. Introduction

The grammar pattern Verb dictionary form + ことがある is a common expression in Japanese used to indicate that something occasionally happens or that there are times when a particular action occurs. Understanding this grammar point will help you express frequency and talk about habitual or occasional actions.


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

  • Verb dictionary form + ことがある: "There are times when...", "Sometimes...", "Occasionally..."

Structure

The structure involves attaching ことがある to the dictionary form (plain present tense) of a verb.

[Verb dictionary form] + ことがある

Formation Diagram

Verb (dictionary form) + ことがある Meaning
食べる (taberu) 食べることがある There are times when I eat...
行く (iku) 行くことがある Sometimes go...
遅れる (okureru) 遅れることがある Occasionally be late...
忘れる (wasureru) 忘れることがある Sometimes forget...

Detailed Explanation

  • こと is a nominalizer that turns a verb phrase into a noun phrase.
  • is the subject marker.
  • ある means "to exist" (inanimate existence).
  • Combined, Verb ることがある literally means "There are times when... [Verb]". This expression is used to indicate that an action happens occasionally or sometimes, but not frequently.

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Verb たことがある

  • Verb たことがある: Used to express past experience, meaning "have done [Verb] before".
    • Example: 日本に行ったことがある。(Nihon ni itta koto ga aru.)
      "I have been to Japan before."
  • Verb ることがある: Indicates that something sometimes happens.
    • Example: 日本に行くことがある。(Nihon ni iku koto ga aru.)
      "There are times when I go to Japan."

Difference in Usage

  • Verb ることがある focuses on the habitual or occasional occurrence of an action.
  • Verb たことがある emphasizes that the speaker has the experience of performing the action at least once in the past.

4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

  1. 朝ご飯を食べないことがある。
    • Asa gohan o tabenai koto ga aru.
    • I sometimes don't eat breakfast.
  2. 仕事で遅く帰ることがある。
    • Shigoto de osoku kaeru koto ga aru.
    • I sometimes come home late because of work.
  3. 週末は映画を見ることがある。
    • Shūmatsu wa eiga o miru koto ga aru.
    • I sometimes watch movies on weekends.
  4. 彼は会議に遅れることがある。
    • Kare wa kaigi ni okureru koto ga aru.
    • He occasionally is late for meetings.
  5. 天気が悪いと電車が遅れることがある。
    • Tenki ga warui to densha ga okureru koto ga aru.
    • Trains sometimes run late when the weather is bad.
  6. 忙しいときは昼食を取らないことがあります。 (Formal)
    • Isogashii toki wa chūshoku o toranai koto ga arimasu.
    • There are times when I don't have lunch when I'm busy.

Context Variations

  • Formal Written
    • 重要な連絡を見落とすことがありますので、ご注意ください。
      • Jūyō na renraku o miotosu koto ga arimasu node, go chūi kudasai.
      • Please be careful as important messages can sometimes be missed.
  • Casual Spoken
    • たまに、バスを乗り過ごすことがあるんだ。
      • Tama ni, basu o norisugosu koto ga arun da.
      • I sometimes miss my bus.

5. Cultural Notes

Levels of Politeness

  • ことがある can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
  • In formal situations, use あります instead of ある.
    • Example: 読むことがあります (formal) vs 読むことがある (informal)

Idiomatic Expressions

  • たまに (tama ni) meaning "occasionally" or "once in a while", is often used with ことがある to emphasize infrequency.
    • Example: たまに料理をすることがある。
      Tama ni ryōri o suru koto ga aru.
      "I occasionally cook."

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

  1. Confusing with Habitual Actions
    • Mistake: Using ことがある to describe regular habits.
    • Correction: Use the plain or polite form of the verb for habitual actions; ことがある is for occasional actions.
    • Incorrect: 毎日ジョギングすることがある。
      Mainichi jogingu suru koto ga aru.
      "I sometimes jog every day."
    • Correct: 毎日ジョギングする。
      Mainichi jogingu suru.
      "I jog every day."
  2. Mixing Up with Past Experience
    • Mistake: Using Verb ることがある when you mean to express past experience (Verb たことがある).
    • Correction: Use Verb たことがある for experiences.
    • Incorrect: 日本に行くことがある
      Nihon ni iku koto ga aru.
      "I sometimes go to Japan."
    • Correct (if expressing experience): 日本に行ったことがある
      Nihon ni itta koto ga aru.
      "I have been to Japan."

Learning Strategies

  • Mnemonic Device: Remember that こと nominalizes the verb, turning it into "the act of [verb]" and ある indicates existence, so together it expresses "there are times when the act of [verb] exists".
  • Practice Tip: Try making sentences about things you occasionally do to get comfortable with the pattern.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • Verb dictionary form + ことがある is used to express that an action happens occasionally.
  • It is different from Verb たことがある, which expresses past experiences.
  • Be mindful of the context to choose the appropriate level of politeness.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. How do you say "I sometimes eat sushi" using ことがある?
  2. What's the difference between 行くことがある and 行ったことがある?
  3. Correct the mistake: 週末に公園へ行ったことがある。 (I sometimes go to the park on weekends.)

Answers:

  1. 寿司を食べることがある。
    Sushi o taberu koto ga aru.
  2. 行くことがある means "I sometimes go", indicating an action that occasionally happens.
    行ったことがある means "I have been", expressing past experience.
  3. Corrected Sentence: 週末に公園へ行くことがある。
    Shūmatsu ni kōen e iku koto ga aru.

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