Processing keyword: Verb ように (〜you ni)

Japanese Grammar Point: Verb ように (〜you ni)

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we'll explore the grammar point Verb ように (〜ように), which is commonly used in Japanese to express purpose, wishes, and indirect commands. Understanding this grammar will enhance your ability to articulate intentions and desires in Japanese.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

The construction Verb（辞書形/ない形） + ように is used to:

1. Express Purpose: "So that..." or "In order to..."
2. Express Wishes or Hopes: "I hope that..." or "May it..."
3. Indirect Commands or Requests: Telling someone to do something indirectly.

Meaning and Structure

Structure:

Verb Form	ように
辞書形 (Dictionary Form)	ように
ない形 (Negative Form)	ように

• Verb 辞書形 + ように: So that [Verb]
• Verb ない形 + ように: So that [Verb doesn't happen]

Formation Diagram:

[Subject] + [Verb 辞書形/ない形] + ように + [Main Clause]

Visual Aid

Purpose	Structure	Translation
Express Purpose	Verb 辞書形 + ように	So that...
Prevent Action	Verb ない形 + ように	So that... not...
Wish/Hope	Verb 辞書形 + ように（願う/祈る）	I hope that...

3. Comparative Analysis

• ために vs. ように
  • ために is used when the subject of both clauses is the same and implies intentional action.
    • Example: 日本語を勉強するために、日本に行きます。
    • Translation: "I will go to Japan in order to study Japanese."
  • ように is used when the subject is different or when the outcome is out of one's control.
    • Example: 合格できるように、頑張っています。
    • Translation: "I'm doing my best so that I can pass."

4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

1. Expressing Purpose
   • 忘れないように、メモしてください。
     • Wasurenai you ni, memo shite kudasai.
     • "Please take notes so that you don't forget."
   • 遅れないように、早く出発しましょう。
     • Okurenai you ni, hayaku shuppatsu shimashou.
     • "Let's leave early so that we won't be late."
2. Expressing Wishes or Hopes
   • 試験に合格しますように。
     • Shiken ni goukaku shimasu you ni.
     • "I hope I pass the exam."
   • みんなが幸せになりますように。
     • Minna ga shiawase ni narimasu you ni.
     • "May everyone be happy."
3. Indirect Commands or Requests
   • 先生は学生にもっと勉強するように言いました。
     • Sensei wa gakusei ni motto benkyou suru you ni iimashita.
     • "The teacher told the students to study more."
   • 医者は彼にお酒をやめるように言った。
     • Isha wa kare ni osake wo yameru you ni itta.
     • "The doctor told him to quit drinking alcohol."
4. Negative Form Usage
   • 風邪をひかないように、暖かくしてください。
     • Kaze wo hikanai you ni, atatakaku shite kudasai.
     • "Please keep warm so that you don't catch a cold."
   • 事故が起こらないように、注意しましょう。
     • Jiko ga okoranai you ni, chuui shimashou.
     • "Let's be careful so that accidents don't happen."

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Japanese culture, indirect communication is valued to maintain harmony and show respect. Using ように for indirect commands is a polite way to suggest or request actions without sounding too direct or imposing.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 願（ねが）わくは幸（さち）多（おお）きことを願いますように。
  • "I hope for much happiness."

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Using the Wrong Verb Form

  • Incorrect: 忘れないために、メモしてください。
    • While grammatically correct, ために implies intentional control, which may sound unnatural here.

• Confusing ように with ような

  • ような is used to say "like/as," modifying nouns.
    • Example: 彼は猫のような目をしています。 ("He has eyes like a cat.")

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of ように as "in the direction of the way things are," helping you remember it's used to express hopes or purposes toward a certain state.
• Practice Makes Perfect: Create your own sentences using ように to become comfortable with the different contexts it can be used in.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Verb ように is used to express purposes, wishes, and indirect commands.
• Use Verb 辞書形 + ように to express positive intentions.
• Use Verb ない形 + ように to prevent something from happening.
• It's a polite and indirect way to express desires and requests in Japanese.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you express a wish using ように?
2. What is the difference between ために and ように?
3. Translate the following sentence: "Please speak louder so that everyone can hear."

Answers:

1. By using Verb 辞書形 + ように, often with verbs like 願う or 祈る.
2. ために is used for intentional actions by the subject, whereas ように can be used when the outcome is not entirely under the subject's control or when subjects differ.
3. みんなに聞こえるように、大きな声で話してください。

---

Feel free to revisit this lesson to strengthen your understanding of Verb ように (〜ように). Practice by creating your own sentences, and soon you'll master this grammar point!

---

© Hanabira.org