Processing keyword: Verb もしないで (~ mo shinai de)

Japanese Grammar Point: Verb もしないで (~ mo shinai de)

Verb もしないで (~も しないで)

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point Verb もしないで (~も しないで). This structure is used to express the idea of doing something "without even doing" another action that would normally be expected or required. It adds emphasis to the action that was skipped or neglected.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

The grammar pattern ~も しないで emphasizes that an action was not performed at all before doing something else, often implying negligence or disregard. It combines the verb's stem form, the particle も (meaning "even"), and the negative te-form しないで (meaning "without doing").

Meaning

• Without even doing ~
• Without so much as ~ing

Structure

Verb Stem + も + しないで + [Main Action]

• Verb Stem: Remove ます from the masu-form of the verb.
• も: Particle meaning "even".
• しないで: Negative te-form of する (to do), meaning "without doing".
• [Main Action]: The action performed without doing the previous action.

Formation Diagram

• 食べも しないで 外出した。
  • I went out without even eating.

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

1. Verb ないで (~ないで)

• Structure: Verb Negative Form + で
• Meaning: "Without doing ~"
• Example: 朝ごはんを食べないで学校に行った。
  • I went to school without eating breakfast. Difference: ~ないで simply states that an action wasn't done, while ~もしないで adds emphasis, highlighting that the action wasn't even attempted.

2. Verb ずに (~ずに)

• Structure: Verb Negative Stem + ずに
• Meaning: "Without doing ~"
• Example: 彼は何も言わずに出て行った。
  • He left without saying anything. Difference: ~ずに is more formal and literary. Like ~ないで, it doesn't carry the same emphasis as ~もしないで.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. 彼は挨拶もしないで部屋を出た。
   • He left the room without even greeting.
2. 説明書を読みもしないで、組み立て始めた。
   • He started assembling without even reading the instructions.
3. 彼女は理由も聞きもしないで怒ってしまった。
   • She got angry without even asking for the reason.
4. 試着もしないで服を買った。
   • I bought clothes without even trying them on.
5. 彼は電話番号を確認もしないで電話をかけた。
   • He called without even confirming the phone number.

Formal and Informal Contexts

• Formal: 上司は私の報告書を読みもしないで評価した。
  • The boss evaluated my report without even reading it.
• Informal: あいつは勉強もしないで試験に合格した。
  • He passed the exam without even studying.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Japanese culture, taking proper steps and showing consideration are important. Skipping an expected action, like greeting or consulting, may be seen as disrespectful or careless. Using ~もしないで emphasizes this neglect.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

The structure ~もしないで can be used in both casual and formal contexts, but the verbs and surrounding language should match the desired level of politeness.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 話もしないで分かるわけがない。
  • You can't understand without even talking.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Incorrect Verb Form
   • Wrong: 食べるもしないで
   • Right: 食べもしないで
   • Use the verb stem, not the dictionary form.
2. Omitting the Particle も
   • Wrong: 読みしないで
   • Right: 読みもしないで
   • Include も to add the meaning of "even".

Learning Strategies

• Remember the Emphasis: The particle も is crucial as it adds emphasis. Think of it as highlighting the action that was entirely neglected.
• Practice with Common Verbs: Create sentences using verbs like 見る (to see), 聞く (to listen), 言う (to say) to get comfortable with the structure.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ~もしないで means "without even doing ~".
• It emphasizes that an expected action was not performed at all.
• Structure: Verb Stem + も + しないで + [Main Action]

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Form a sentence using ~もしないで with the verb 書く (to write) and the action 発表する (to present).
   • Answer: 彼は原稿を読みもしないで発表した。
     • He presented without even reading the script.
2. What is the function of the particle も in this grammar point?
   • Answer: It adds emphasis, meaning "even," highlighting that the action wasn't done at all.
3. Identify and correct the mistake: 彼女は相談もしない出発した。
   • Correction: 彼女は相談もしないで出発した。
     • She departed without even consulting.