Processing keyword: Noun を踏まえて (〜wo fumaete)
Japanese Grammar Point: Noun を踏まえて (〜wo fumaete)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the grammar point 「Noun を踏まえて (〜をふまえて)」, which is used to express the idea of "based on", "considering", or "taking into account" something. This expression is commonly used in Japanese to indicate that a decision, action, or statement is made after carefully considering a particular factor.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
「Noun を踏まえて」 conveys:
- Based on ~
- In light of ~
- Considering ~
- Taking ~ into account This phrase emphasizes that the subsequent action or decision is grounded upon the noun that precedes を踏まえて.
Structure
The basic structure is:
[ Noun ] を踏まえて、[ Action / Decision / Statement ]。
- Noun: The factor or basis being considered.
- を踏まえて: "Considering", "Based on".
- Action / Decision / Statement: The result or outcome after consideration.
Formation Diagram
| Component | Example |
|---|---|
| Noun | 予想外の結果 |
| を踏まえて | を踏まえて |
| Action/Decision | 計画を見直す |
| Full Sentence: | |
| 予想外の結果を踏まえて、計画を見直す。 | |
| Based on the unexpected results, we will revise the plan. |
3. Comparative Analysis
Similar Grammar Points
| Grammar Point | Meaning | Nuance Difference |
|---|---|---|
| 〜に基づいて (〜にもとづいて) | Based on ~ | Emphasizes following a foundation, standard, or data closely. |
| 〜を元に (〜をもとに) | Based on ~ | Often used when creating something new from existing material. |
| 〜に沿って (〜にそって) | In line with ~ | Suggests acting in accordance with guidelines or policies. |
| Example Comparison: |
- データを踏まえて対策を立てる。
- Develop measures considering the data.
- データに基づいて対策を立てる。
- Develop measures based on the data.
While both sentences are similar, を踏まえて implies considering or reflecting upon the data, whereas に基づいて stresses that the measures are directly founded on the data.
4. Examples in Context
Formal Situations
- 市場調査の結果を踏まえて、新商品を開発します。
- Based on the market research results, we will develop a new product.
- 専門家の意見を踏まえて、計画を修正しました。
- Considering the experts' opinions, we revised the plan.
Informal Situations
- みんなのフィードバックを踏まえて、次回はもっと頑張るよ。
- Taking everyone's feedback into account, I'll try harder next time.
- 経験を踏まえて、アドバイスしてくれる？
- Can you give me advice based on your experience?
Written Context
- 過去の事例を踏まえて、リスクを分析する必要がある。
- Based on past cases, we need to analyze the risks.
- この報告書は最新のデータを踏まえて作成されています。
- This report is compiled based on the latest data.
Spoken Context
- 君の考えを踏まえて、もう一度話し合おう。
- Considering your thoughts, let's discuss it again.
- 天気予報を踏まえて、出発時間を決めよう。
- Let's decide the departure time based on the weather forecast.
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
In Japanese culture, making decisions after thorough consideration and consultation is highly valued. Using を踏まえて reflects a thoughtful approach, signifying respect for the information or opinions being considered.
Formality and Politeness
- を踏まえて can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
- It is appropriate in business settings, academic writing, as well as casual conversations among friends.
Idiomatic Expressions
- 前例を踏まえて: Considering previous examples.
- 現状を踏まえて: Based on the current situation. These expressions are commonly used in business and formal discussions.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Error Analysis
Mistake 1: Using を踏まえる instead of を踏まえて.
- Incorrect: 過去の失敗を踏まえる、改善します。
- Correct: 過去の失敗を踏まえて、改善します。 Explanation: を踏まえて is the te-form used to connect the phrase to the following clause. Mistake 2: Confusing を踏まえて with に基づいて.
- Incorrect: データを踏まえてモデルを作成する。
- May Not Convey Intended Meaning: If the action strictly follows data, に基づいて might be more appropriate. Tip: Use を踏まえて when emphasizing consideration, and に基づいて when the action is directly based on something.
Learning Strategies
- Association: Remember that 踏まえる literally means "to step on". Think of it as "stepping on" the foundation provided by the noun to move forward.
- Practice: Create your own sentences using を踏まえて to become familiar with its usage.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- を踏まえて means "based on", "considering", or "taking into account".
- It is used to indicate that an action or decision is made after thoughtful consideration of a particular factor.
- Appropriate in both formal and informal contexts.
- Be careful not to confuse it with similar expressions like に基づいて.
Quick Recap Quiz
- What does を踏まえて express in English?
- Fill in the blank: 社員の意見___、新しい制度を導入します。
- Why might you choose を踏まえて over に基づいて?
Answers:
- It expresses "based on", "considering", or "taking into account".
- 社員の意見を踏まえて、新しい制度を導入します。
- Considering the employees' opinions, we will introduce a new system.
- Use を踏まえて when emphasizing the consideration of something before making a decision, rather than strictly basing the decision on it.
By understanding and practicing を踏まえて, you can enhance your ability to express nuanced reasoning in Japanese, making your language use more natural and precise.