Processing keyword: Noun を はじめ (Noun wo hajime)

Japanese Grammar Point: Noun を はじめ (Noun wo hajime)

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point 「Noun をはじめ」 (Noun wo hajime). This expression is commonly used to indicate that something is representative among a group of items or people, often translated as "starting with...", "not only..., but also...", or "including...".

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The phrase 「Noun をはじめ」 is used to:

• Highlight a primary example among others.
• Introduce a representative item or person in a list.
• Emphasize that what follows includes the noun mentioned and extends beyond it. It conveys the meaning of "starting with [noun]" or "including [noun]".

Structure

The basic structure is:

Noun + をはじめ

This can be followed by other nouns or expressions to indicate a broader range.

Formation Diagram

[Representative Noun] をはじめ [Other related items/actions]

Example

• 学生 をはじめ、多くの人が参加した。
  • Starting with students, many people participated.

3. Comparative Analysis

をはじめ vs. だけでなく

• をはじめ emphasizes a representative example among many.
  • 学生をはじめ、多くの人が参加した。
    • Starting with students, many people participated.
• だけでなく means "not only... but also..." without necessarily highlighting a representative example.
  • 学生だけでなく、先生も参加した。
    • Not only students but also teachers participated.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Spoken Context

1. 日本には東京をはじめ、大都市が多く存在する。
   • In Japan, there are many large cities, starting with Tokyo.
2. 社長をはじめとする会社の代表団が海外を訪問した。
   • The company's delegation, including the president, visited overseas.

Informal Spoken Context

1. 彼は漫画をはじめ、いろんな本を読んでいるよ。
   • He reads various books, starting with manga.
2. 友達をはじめ、みんなが彼の誕生日を祝った。
   • Including friends, everyone celebrated his birthday.

Written Context

1. この博物館では、絵画をはじめとする多くの美術品が展示されている。
   • In this museum, many artworks are exhibited, starting with paintings.
2. 環境問題をはじめとした地球規模の課題に取り組む必要がある。
   • We need to tackle global issues, including environmental problems.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Japanese communication, it's common to mention a prominent example to represent a group. This reflects the cultural emphasis on hierarchy and respect, where the most important items or people are acknowledged first.

Levels of Politeness

The use of をはじめ is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. However, it's often found in formal speeches, writings, and presentations.

Idiomatic Expressions

• ～をはじめとして
  • Has a similar meaning and is used to list examples.
  • Example: 日本茶をはじめとして、アジアの茶文化は多様だ。
    • Starting with Japanese tea, the tea culture in Asia is diverse.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mistake: Using をはじめ with verbs incorrectly.
  • 走るをはじめ、運動が好きだ。 (Incorrect)
  • Correction: 走ることをはじめ、運動が好きだ。
    • Including running, I like exercising.
• Mistake: Confusing をはじめ with はじめて (for the first time).
  • Remember that をはじめ means "starting with" in terms of listing examples, while はじめて means "for the first time".

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of をはじめ as "starting with" something important.
• Tip: When you want to emphasize a key example among many, use をはじめ.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• をはじめ is used to introduce a primary example among others.
• It translates to "starting with..." or "including...".
• It's versatile and can be used in various contexts to emphasize representative items.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank: 京都______、日本の古都は美しい。 a) をはじめ
   b) について
   c) はじめて
2. True or False: をはじめ can be used to list actions by directly attaching it to verbs without any modification.

Answers:

1. a) をはじめ
2. False. When using with verbs, you need to nominalize the verb (e.g., 飲むことをはじめ).

By understanding and practicing をはじめ, you can enrich your Japanese by properly highlighting key examples and expressing inclusion effectively.