Processing keyword: Noun のいかんによらず (~ no ikan ni yorazu)
Japanese Grammar Point: Noun のいかんによらず (~ no ikan ni yorazu)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point 〜のいかんによらず. This expression is used to indicate that something is true "regardless of" or "irrespective of" a certain condition or situation represented by the noun it follows. It's a formal expression often found in written language and formal speeches.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
〜のいかんによらず means:
- Regardless of ~
- Irrespective of ~
- No matter the outcome/result of ~ It expresses that the action or state mentioned is unaffected by the condition of the noun.
Structure
The structure is straightforward:
Noun + のいかんによらず
- Noun: A noun representing a condition, situation, or outcome.
- の: Possessive particle.
- いかんによらず: "Regardless of"
Formation Diagram
| Part | Function |
|---|---|
| Noun | Represents the condition or factor |
| の | Connects the noun to the phrase |
| いかんによらず | Indicates "regardless of" |
Detailed Explanation
- いかん (如何): An archaic noun meaning "how," "in what way," or "content/condition."
- によらず: Comes from the verb よる (寄る) meaning "to depend on," with ず indicating negation. So, によらず means "not depending on."
- のいかんによらず: Literally translates to "not depending on the content/condition of ~," thus "regardless of ~." Usage Notes:
- This expression is formal and is commonly used in official statements, business contexts, and legal documents.
- It is not typically used in everyday conversation.
3. Comparative Analysis
Similar Grammar Points
1. 〜にかかわらず
- Meaning: Regardless of ~
- Usage: Can be used with nouns, verbs (dictionary form and ない-form), and adjectives.
- Example:
- 天候にかかわらず、イベントは行います。
- Regardless of the weather, the event will proceed.
2. 〜を問わず
- Meaning: Irrespective of ~; Without questioning ~
- Usage: Often used with a wide range of nouns.
- Example:
- 経験の有無を問わず、応募できます。
- You can apply regardless of whether you have experience or not.
Nuances
- 〜のいかんによらず is more formal and is often used with abstract nouns representing conditions or results.
- 〜にかかわらず and 〜を問わず are more versatile and can be used in semi-formal contexts.
4. Examples in Context
Sentence Examples
- 成績のいかんによらず、卒業旅行に参加できます。
- Regardless of grades, you can join the graduation trip.
- 理由のいかんによらず、遅刻は許されません。
- Tardiness is not permitted, regardless of the reason.
- 結果のいかんによらず、ご連絡いたします。
- We will contact you regardless of the outcome.
- 天候のいかんによらず、試合は行われます。
- The match will be held regardless of the weather conditions.
- 出席のいかんによらず、資料をお送りいたします。
- We will send the materials regardless of your attendance.
Contextual Usage
- Formal Written Language: Used in official documents, announcements, and formal letters.
- Formal Spoken Language: Used in speeches, presentations, and formal meetings.
5. Cultural Notes
Politeness and Formality
- 〜のいかんによらず is considered a formal expression.
- Using this phrase adds a level of professionalism and seriousness to the statement.
- It is not used in casual conversation; doing so may sound overly stiff or unnatural.
Idiomatic Expressions
- 〜のいかんにかかわらず: A similar expression combining いかん and かかわらず.
- Meaning: Regardless of ~
- Example: 国籍のいかんにかかわらず、応募できます。
- You can apply regardless of nationality.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Common Mistakes
- Using with Verbs or Adjectives Directly
- Incorrect: 合格するのいかんによらず、連絡します。
- Correct: 合否のいかんによらず、連絡します。
- We will contact you regardless of the pass/fail result. Explanation: Ensure that 〜のいかんによらず follows a noun, not a verb or adjective.
- Using in Casual Conversation
- Incorrect: (In a casual chat) 今日の天気のいかんによらず、公園に行こう。
- Correct: 今日の天気にかかわらず、公園に行こう。
- Let's go to the park regardless of today's weather. Explanation: 〜のいかんによらず is too formal for casual contexts.
Learning Strategies
Associate with Formal Settings: Remember that this expression is for formal use. Think of situations like official announcements or formal emails.
Pair with Abstract Nouns: Commonly used with nouns like 結果 (result), 成否 (success or failure), 天候 (weather conditions), 理由 (reason), 参加 (participation).
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- 〜のいかんによらず means "regardless of ~" in a formal context.
- It is used by attaching のいかんによらず to a noun.
- Best suited for formal written and spoken language.
- Not typically used in everyday conversation.
Quick Recap Quiz
- Fill in the blank with the correct expression:
理由______、遅刻は認められません。
a) にかかわらず
b) のいかんによらず
c) を問わず Answer: b) のいかんによらず - True or False: 〜のいかんによらず can be used directly after verbs. Answer: False
- Which is more appropriate for casual conversation?
a) 成績のいかんによらず
b) 天気にかかわらず Answer: b) 天気にかかわらず
By understanding 〜のいかんによらず, you can enhance your ability to comprehend and compose formal Japanese statements. Practice by creating sentences using this grammar point in formal contexts.