Processing keyword: Noun ですら (~desura)

Japanese Grammar Point: Noun ですら (~desura)

JLPT Grammar Point: Noun ですら (~desura)

1. Introduction

The grammar point "ですら" (desura) is a phrase used in Japanese to express "even" or "as much as." It emphasizes that something is true to an extent that it may be surprising or unexpected. This structure is often used to indicate a contrast with common expectations.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• The structure "Noun ですら" (Noun desura) combines a noun with "ですら" to highlight that even the stated noun is included or noteworthy in the context of what follows.
• It implies a sense of surprise or emphasis on the significance of the noun being mentioned.

Meaning and Structure

• Meaning: "Even [noun]", "As much as [noun]"
• Structure:
  • [Noun] + ですら
  • Used to emphasize the noun's unexpected significance in comparison to other items in the same context.

Formation Diagram

   +--------------------+
   | Noun               |
   +--------------------+
            |
            v
  +-------------------+
  | ですら (desura)   |
  +-------------------+

3. Comparative Analysis

• Similar Grammar Points:
  • さえ (sae): Also means "even" but is used with verbs and adjectives, emphasizing a similar sense of surprise.
  • すら (sura): This is a more informal version used in spoken Japanese, whereas "ですら" is more polite.
• Nuances:
  • "ですら" conveys a more formal tone compared to "すら."
  • "さえ" can convey a more extreme form of "even," suitable for scenarios involving larger emphasis or surprise.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples:

1. Formal:
   • 日本の首相ですら、その問題について答えられなかった。
   • Nihon no shushou desura, sono mondai ni tsuite kotaerarenakatta.
   • "Even the Prime Minister of Japan could not answer that question."
2. Informal:
   • あなたですら、それを知らないの？
   • Anata desura, sore o shiranai no?
   • "Even you don’t know that?"
3. Written Context:
   • 彼女は忙しい学生ですら、毎日運動をしています。
   • Kanojo wa isogashii gakusei desura, mainichi undou o shiteimasu.
   • "Even busy students exercise every day."

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• Using "ですら" is a way of emphasizing humility or respect in Japanese, reflecting the culture's focus on politeness. This phrase is particularly useful in formal discussions and can demonstrate depth in a person's understanding of a topic.

Idiomatic Expressions

• While "ですら" itself is not a standalone idiomatic expression, it often appears in discussions about achievements or expectations in Japanese society.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mistake: Confusing "ですら" with "さえ" or "すら" due to similar meanings.
• Tip: Remember that "ですら" is used for nouns and maintains a formal register, while "さえ" can apply to verbs/adjectives in informal contexts.

Learning Strategies

• To remember the difference, think of "ですら" as being strictly for nouns like "the Prime Minister," while "さえ" would be more appropriate for actions, such as “even seeing.”

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• "ですら" (desura) is used to express "even" concerning nouns.
• It serves to emphasize the surprising significance of the noun in context.
• It is more formal than "さえ" and "すら."

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does "ですら" mean in English?
2. Give an example of a noun that can use "ですら."
3. How is "ですら" different from "さえ"?