Processing keyword: ～んです (〜n desu)

Japanese Grammar Point: ～んです (〜n desu)

1. Introduction

The grammar construction ～んです (〜n desu) is a versatile and commonly used expression in Japanese. It adds nuance by providing explanations, emphasizing reasons, or seeking confirmation. Understanding ～んです is essential for expressing yourself naturally and comprehending everyday conversations.

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• Explanation or Emphasis: Used to provide reasoning or to emphasize a point.
• Seeking Confirmation: Used when asking questions to seek explanations or clarifications.

Structure

The structure of ～んです varies depending on whether it follows a verb, adjective, or noun.

Formation Diagram

Type	Dictionary Form	+ ～んです
Verbs	食べる	食べるんです
い-Adjectives	寒い	寒いんです
な-Adjectives	静かだ	静かなんです
Nouns	学生だ	学生なんです

Note: When attaching ～んです to な-adjectives and nouns, use なんです instead of んです.

Detailed Explanation

• Verbs and い-Adjectives: Simply add んです to the plain form.
  • Example: 行く → 行くんです
• な-Adjectives and Nouns: Add な before んです.
  • Example: 便利だ → 便利なんです

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3. Comparative Analysis

～んです vs. です

• です is a copula used for stating facts politely.
• ～んです adds an explanatory tone or emphasis to the statement.

Example:

• です: 明日は休みです。(Tomorrow is a day off.)
• ～んです: 明日は休みなんです。([In case you're wondering,] tomorrow is a day off.)

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4. Examples in Context

Formal Situations

1. Explanation
   • Japanese: 電車が遅れたんです。
   • Romaji: Densha ga okureta n desu.
   • Translation: The train was late (that's why).
2. Emphasis
   • Japanese: この店は有名なんです。
   • Romaji: Kono mise wa yūmei nan desu.
   • Translation: This store is famous (you see).

Informal Situations

1. Asking for Explanation
   • Japanese: どうしたんですか。
   • Romaji: Dō shita n desu ka.
   • Translation: What's the matter?
2. Providing Reason
   • Japanese: お腹が痛いんです。
   • Romaji: Onaka ga itai n desu.
   • Translation: My stomach hurts (that's why).

Written Language

• Less common in formal writing but may appear in reported speech or dialogues.

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5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• Politeness and Indirectness: Japanese culture values subtlety and context. Using ～んです softens statements and respects the listener's perspective.

Idiomatic Expressions

• ～んですが Often used to introduce a topic or request politely.
  • Japanese: お伺いしたいんですが。
  • Romaji: Okagai shitai n desu ga.
  • Translation: I would like to ask (if I may).

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Omitting な before んです with な-Adjectives and Nouns
   • Incorrect: 便利んです
   • Correct: 便利なんです
2. Overusing in Formal Writing
   • Tip: Avoid using ～んです in very formal or academic writing.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of ～んです as adding "[you see]" or "[that's why]" to your sentences.
• Practice: Create sentences explaining reasons for your daily actions.

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ～んです adds explanation or emphasis to your statements.
• Use なんです after な-adjectives and nouns.
• It's a tool for polite, indirect communication.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank: 寒い___です。
   • Answer: 寒いんです。
2. True or False: It's correct to say 学生んです。
   • Answer: False (It should be 学生なんです。)

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Feel free to practice by converting simple sentences into ones that use ～んです to convey explanations or emphasis!

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