Processing keyword: ～ばかりか〜も (〜bakari ka 〜 mo)

Japanese Grammar Point: ～ばかりか〜も (〜bakari ka 〜 mo)

～ばかりか〜も（~bakari ka ~ mo）

1. Introduction

In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point ～ばかりか〜も (～bakari ka ～mo). This structure is used to express the meaning "not only... but also...", emphasizing that in addition to one thing, there's more to consider. It's a useful way to highlight extra information that might be surprising or noteworthy.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• English Equivalent: "Not only... but also..."
• Usage: To indicate that something extends beyond just one aspect and includes additional elements.

Structure

Formation

Examples

• Noun:
  • 学生ばかりか先生も
• Verb:
  • 勉強するばかりかアルバイトもする
• い-adjective:
  • 忙しいばかりか疲れているも
• な-adjective:
  • 元気なばかりか強いも

Detailed Explanation

• ばかりか connects two phrases, emphasizing that not only the first condition is true, but the second one is as well.
• も adds emphasis to the additional element, highlighting its significance.
• This structure often conveys a sense of surprise or emphasis, indicating that the second point is an unexpected addition to the first.

Visual Aid

[First Element] ばかりか [Second Element] も

• First Element: The initial condition or fact.
• Second Element: An additional condition or fact, highlighted with も.

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

～だけでなく〜も (～dake de naku ～mo)

• Difference: While both mean "not only... but also...", ばかりか adds a stronger emphasis or sense of surprise compared to だけでなく.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. 彼は漢字を覚えるのが早いばかりか、文法も完璧だ。 Kare wa kanji o oboeru no ga hayai bakari ka, bunpō mo kanpeki da. Not only does he memorize kanji quickly, but his grammar is also perfect.
2. この店は味が悪いばかりか、値段も高い。 Kono mise wa aji ga warui bakari ka, nedan mo takai. Not only is the food at this restaurant bad, but it's also expensive.
3. 彼女は美しいばかりか、心も優しい。 Kanojo wa utsukushii bakari ka, kokoro mo yasashii. She is not only beautiful but also kind-hearted.
4. 台風で家が壊れたばかりか、車も流された。 Taifū de ie ga kowareta bakari ka, kuruma mo nagasareta. Not only was the house destroyed by the typhoon, but the car was also swept away.
5. その歌手は日本ばかりか、海外でも有名になった。 Sono kashu wa Nihon bakari ka, kaigai de mo yūmei ni natta. That singer became famous not only in Japan but also overseas.

Context Variations

• Formal Written: Commonly used in essays, articles, and formal writing to emphasize additional points.
• Formal Spoken: Used in speeches or formal presentations to highlight significant information.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• Emphasis in Japanese Communication: Japanese often use specific grammar structures to add layers of meaning and emphasize points subtly.
• Politeness Levels: While ～ばかりか〜も can be used in various contexts, it's more prevalent in formal or written Japanese.

Idiomatic Expressions

• While ～ばかりか〜も itself isn't an idiom, it's part of idiomatic expressions that add emphasis or highlight the extent of something.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Forgetting the Particle も
   • Incorrect: 彼は英語ばかりかフランス語が話せる。
   • Correct: 彼は英語ばかりかフランス語も話せる。
2. Using だけ Instead of ばかりか
   • Incorrect: その映画は面白いだけ、勉強になる。
   • Correct: その映画は面白いばかりか、勉強にもなる。

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "ばかりか... も" as "Not only ka but more".
• Practice: Create sentences using familiar nouns and verbs to get comfortable with the structure.
• Check Particles: Ensure か and も are correctly placed to convey the intended emphasis.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Usage: ～ばかりか〜も emphasizes that not only is one thing true, but an additional thing is also true.
• Structure: Attach ばかりか to the first element (noun, verb, adjective), followed by the second element with も.
• Emphasis: Conveys a stronger emphasis compared to similar structures like ～だけでなく〜も.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank: 彼は遅刻したばかりか、宿題___忘れた。 Answer: も
2. True or False: ～ばかりか〜も is less emphatic than ～だけでなく〜も。 Answer: False – It's more emphatic.
3. Identify the Error: その店は安いばかりか、店員が親切。 Answer: Missing も after the second element. Correct sentence: その店は安いばかりか、店員も親切。

By mastering ～ばかりか〜も, you can add depth and emphasis to your Japanese expressions, articulating nuances that enrich your communication.