Processing keyword: ～ばかりか〜も (〜bakari ka 〜 mo)
Japanese Grammar Point: ～ばかりか〜も (〜bakari ka 〜 mo)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point ～ばかりか〜も (～bakari ka ～mo). This structure is used to express the meaning "not only... but also...", emphasizing that in addition to one thing, there's more to consider. It's a useful way to highlight extra information that might be surprising or noteworthy.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
- English Equivalent: "Not only... but also..."
- Usage: To indicate that something extends beyond just one aspect and includes additional elements.
Structure
Formation
| Part of Speech | Formation |
|---|---|
| Noun | Noun＋ばかりか＋Noun＋も |
| Verb | Verb (plain form)＋ばかりか＋～＋も |
| い-adjective | い-adjective (plain form)＋ばかりか＋～＋も |
| な-adjective | な-adjective＋な＋ばかりか＋～＋も |
Examples
- Noun:
- 学生ばかりか先生も
- Verb:
- 勉強するばかりかアルバイトもする
- い-adjective:
- 忙しいばかりか疲れているも
- な-adjective:
- 元気なばかりか強いも
Detailed Explanation
- ばかりか connects two phrases, emphasizing that not only the first condition is true, but the second one is as well.
- も adds emphasis to the additional element, highlighting its significance.
- This structure often conveys a sense of surprise or emphasis, indicating that the second point is an unexpected addition to the first.
Visual Aid
[First Element] ばかりか [Second Element] も
- First Element: The initial condition or fact.
- Second Element: An additional condition or fact, highlighted with も.
3. Comparative Analysis
Comparison with Similar Grammar Points
～だけでなく〜も (～dake de naku ～mo)
| Grammar Point | Meaning | Emphasis Level |
|---|---|---|
| ～ばかりか〜も | Not only... but also... | Strong emphasis |
| ～だけでなく〜も | Not only... but also... | Neutral emphasis |
- Difference: While both mean "not only... but also...", ばかりか adds a stronger emphasis or sense of surprise compared to だけでなく.
4. Examples in Context
Sentence Examples
- 彼は漢字を覚えるのが早いばかりか、文法も完璧だ。 Kare wa kanji o oboeru no ga hayai bakari ka, bunpō mo kanpeki da. Not only does he memorize kanji quickly, but his grammar is also perfect.
- この店は味が悪いばかりか、値段も高い。 Kono mise wa aji ga warui bakari ka, nedan mo takai. Not only is the food at this restaurant bad, but it's also expensive.
- 彼女は美しいばかりか、心も優しい。 Kanojo wa utsukushii bakari ka, kokoro mo yasashii. She is not only beautiful but also kind-hearted.
- 台風で家が壊れたばかりか、車も流された。 Taifū de ie ga kowareta bakari ka, kuruma mo nagasareta. Not only was the house destroyed by the typhoon, but the car was also swept away.
- その歌手は日本ばかりか、海外でも有名になった。 Sono kashu wa Nihon bakari ka, kaigai de mo yūmei ni natta. That singer became famous not only in Japan but also overseas.
Context Variations
- Formal Written: Commonly used in essays, articles, and formal writing to emphasize additional points.
- Formal Spoken: Used in speeches or formal presentations to highlight significant information.
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
- Emphasis in Japanese Communication: Japanese often use specific grammar structures to add layers of meaning and emphasize points subtly.
- Politeness Levels: While ～ばかりか〜も can be used in various contexts, it's more prevalent in formal or written Japanese.
Idiomatic Expressions
- While ～ばかりか〜も itself isn't an idiom, it's part of idiomatic expressions that add emphasis or highlight the extent of something.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Error Analysis
- Forgetting the Particle も
- Incorrect: 彼は英語ばかりかフランス語が話せる。
- Correct: 彼は英語ばかりかフランス語も話せる。
- Using だけ Instead of ばかりか
- Incorrect: その映画は面白いだけ、勉強になる。
- Correct: その映画は面白いばかりか、勉強にもなる。
Learning Strategies
- Mnemonic Device: Remember "ばかりか... も" as "Not only ka but more".
- Practice: Create sentences using familiar nouns and verbs to get comfortable with the structure.
- Check Particles: Ensure か and も are correctly placed to convey the intended emphasis.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- Usage: ～ばかりか〜も emphasizes that not only is one thing true, but an additional thing is also true.
- Structure: Attach ばかりか to the first element (noun, verb, adjective), followed by the second element with も.
- Emphasis: Conveys a stronger emphasis compared to similar structures like ～だけでなく〜も.
Quick Recap Quiz
- Fill in the blank: 彼は遅刻したばかりか、宿題___忘れた。 Answer: も
- True or False: ～ばかりか〜も is less emphatic than ～だけでなく〜も。 Answer: False – It's more emphatic.
- Identify the Error: その店は安いばかりか、店員が親切。 Answer: Missing も after the second element. Correct sentence: その店は安いばかりか、店員も親切。
By mastering ～ばかりか〜も, you can add depth and emphasis to your Japanese expressions, articulating nuances that enrich your communication.