Japanese JLPT Grammar Point
~のです (〜no desu)

~のです (〜no desu)

Short explanation:

Provides an explanation or gives background information; 'the fact is', 'the reason is', 'actually'.

Formation:

Verb-casual + のです, い-Adjective + のです, な-Adjective + なのです, Noun + なのです

Examples:

この本は難しいのです。
Kono hon wa muzukashii no desu.
This book is difficult, you see.
明日は忙しいのです。
Ashita wa isogashii no desu.
The fact is, I am busy tomorrow.
彼女は英語の先生なのです。
Kanojo wa eigo no sensei na no desu.
The reason is, she is an English teacher.
私は風邪なのです。
Watashi wa kaze na no desu.
Actually, I’ve got a cold.

Long explanation:

The ~のです grammar point is used to provide an explanation or give background information on a situation, often used when there is a need to justify or clarify one's statement. It can be translated as 'the fact is', 'the reason is', or 'actually' in English. The formation differs depending on whether it is used with a verb, い-adjective, な-adjective, or noun.

Detailed Grammar notes:

Processing keyword: ~のです (〜no desu)

Japanese Grammar Point: ~のです (〜no desu)

~のです (〜no desu) Grammar Point

1. Introduction

The grammar point ~のです (〜no desu) is a Japanese expression used to provide explanations, emphasize information, or seek clarification politely. It adds nuance to statements and questions, making them more informative and expressive.


2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning and Usage

  • Explanation or Reason: Used to explain why something is the way it is.
  • Emphasis: Highlights important information or a particular reason.
  • Seeking Confirmation or Clarification: When used in a question, it gently asks for more information.

Structure

The structure of ~のです varies depending on the type of word it follows:

  • Verbs (plain form):
    食べる のです
  • い-adjectives:
    暑い のです
  • な-adjectives:
    きれい なのです
  • Nouns:
    学生 なのです

Formation Table

Word Type Plain Form With ~のです
Verb 行く 行く のです
い-adjective 面白い 面白い のです
な-adjective 静か 静か なのです
Noun 日本人 日本人 なのです

Contraction for Casual Speech

In casual spoken Japanese, ~のです often becomes ~んです.

  • Example:
    行く のです → 行く んです

3. Comparative Analysis

~からです vs. ~のです

  • ~からです: Directly states the reason using "because."
  • ~のです: Provides an explanation, often adding emphasis or seeking understanding. Example:
  • ~からです:
    遅れました。電車が遅れた からです
    I was late because the train was delayed.
  • ~のです:
    遅れました。電車が遅れた のです
    I was late. (It's that) the train was delayed.

~のです vs. ~んです

  • Formality:
    • ~のです is more formal.
    • ~んです is more casual.
  • Usage: Both express explanations or emphasis.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Context

  1. 質問があります。少し理解できない のです
    I have a question. I don't quite understand.
  2. こちらは予約が必要 なのです
    This requires a reservation.

Informal Context

  1. どうして来なかった んだ
    Why didn't you come?
  2. 疲れている んだ。早く寝よう。
    I'm tired. Let's go to bed early.

Spoken Conversation

  • A: 元気がないね。どうした
    You don't look well. What's wrong?
  • B: 頭が痛い んだ
    I have a headache.

Written Context

  1. この問題は重要 なのです。早急に対応してください。
    This issue is important. Please address it promptly.
  2. 彼が選ばれた のです。驚きました。
    He was chosen. I was surprised.

5. Cultural Notes

Politeness and Formality

  • ~のです softens statements and questions, making them more polite.
  • It avoids bluntness, which aligns with Japanese social norms that value indirectness.

Idiomatic Expressions

  • ~わけです: Similar to ~のです, used to explain a reason or conclusion.

    Example:
    だから、彼は来なかった わけです
    That's why he didn't come.


6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

  1. Incorrect Usage with な-adjectives and Nouns
    • Mistake: 忙しい なのです。(Incorrect after い-adjective)
    • Correction: 忙しい のです
      Note: Use なのです only after nouns and な-adjectives.
  2. Overusing in Casual Speech
    • Mistake: Using ~のです in very casual contexts where ~んだ is more natural.
    • Tip: Opt for ~んだ/んです in casual conversations.

Learning Strategies

  • Remember Noun/な-adjective + なのです
    • Noun/な-adjective + + のです
  • Practice Converting Sentences
    • Take plain sentences and add ~のです to practice its usage and effects.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

  • ~のです is used for explanations, adding emphasis, or politely seeking information.
  • Use なのです after nouns and な-adjectives; use のです after verbs and い-adjectives.
  • The casual form is ~んです or ~んだ.

Quick Recap Quiz

  1. Fill in the blank with the correct form of ~のです: 彼女は医者 ___。 a) のです
    b) なのです
  2. Choose the correctly formed sentence: a) 暑いなのです。
    b) 暑いのです。
  3. Translate to Japanese using ~のです: Why are you leaving early?

Answers:

  1. b) なのです
  2. b) 暑いのです。
  3. なぜ早く帰るのですか?

By understanding and practicing ~のです, you'll enhance your ability to express explanations and emphasize important information in a way that sounds natural and polite in Japanese.

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