Processing keyword: ～に基づいて (〜ni motozuite)

Japanese Grammar Point: ～に基づいて (〜ni motozuite)

Grammar Point: ～に基づいて (〜ni motozuite)

1. Introduction

The expression ～に基づいて (〜ni motozuite) is commonly used in the Japanese language to mean "based on" or "according to." It indicates that something is established or derived from a specific source or foundation. This grammar point is often used in formal contexts.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: "Based on" or "in accordance with."
• Structure:
  • Base noun + に基づいて
  • Verb (dictionary form) + に基づいて (indicates the action is based on something).

Formation Diagram

Noun + に基づいて
Verb (dictionary form) + に基づいて

Visual Aid: Basic Structure

3. Comparative Analysis

Comparison with Similar Grammar Points

• 〜を基に (〜o moto ni): This also means "based on," but it is often used with nouns that denote a foundation or source and emphasizes what is utilized to create something (e.g., a project or plan).
  • Example: 彼は本を基にして映画を作った。
  • Translation: "He made a movie based on a book."
• 〜に従って (〜ni shitagatte): This means "in accordance with." It implies following rules or directions rather than simply being based on something.
  • Example: 規則に従って行動してください。
  • Translation: "Please act in accordance with the rules."

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context
   • 研究に基づいて新しい政策が提案されました。
   • Translation: "A new policy was proposed based on research."
2. Informal Context
   • 友達の意見に基づいて決めることにした。
   • Translation: "I decided to make a choice based on my friend’s opinion."
3. Written Context
   • このレポートは最新のデータに基づいています。
   • Translation: "This report is based on the latest data."
4. Spoken Context
   • その映画は実話に基づいているって聞いたよ。
   • Translation: "I heard that movie is based on a true story."

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Using ～に基づいて shows a level of respect for the source of information or evidence, which is important in Japanese culture. Acknowledging the foundation for decisions or statements reflects carefulness and diligence.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 事実に基づいて: "based on facts" (often used in discussions or arguments to emphasize credibility).

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Common Mistake: Confusing に基づいて with を基に. Remember the key difference: に基づいて is more formal and refers to a broader basis, while を基に focuses more on the source material.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "モト" (moto) as "moto" has the same meaning as "foundation." Connect this to "basis" in English to help recall the usage.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ～に基づいて means "based on" and is used in formal contexts.
• It shows that something is derived from a specific source, highlighting the importance of evidence or foundation.
• Be careful not to confuse it with similar grammar points.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does ～に基づいて mean?
2. Give an example sentence using ～に基づいて.
3. How does ～に基づいて differ from ～を基に? By understanding and practicing this grammar point, learners can effectively convey ideas based on factual or foundational sources in Japanese.