Processing keyword: ～ていられない (〜te irarenai)
Japanese Grammar Point: ～ていられない (〜te irarenai)
1. Introduction
In this lesson, we'll explore the Japanese grammar point ～ていられない (〜te irarenai). This expression is essential for conveying that one cannot continue doing something or can't afford to do something due to certain circumstances. Understanding this grammar point will enhance your ability to express urgency and limitations in Japanese.
2. Core Grammar Explanation
Meaning
～ていられない is used to express that the speaker cannot continue an action, often because of time constraints, urgency, or changes in circumstances. It conveys a sense of impatience or necessity to move on from the current action.
Structure
The structure is:
Verb (て-form) + いられない
Formation Diagram
| Verb Dictionary Form | Verb て-form | Add いられない |
|---|---|---|
| 待つ (matsu) - to wait | 待って | 待っていられない |
| 座る (suwaru) - to sit | 座って | 座っていられない |
| 愚痴を言う (guchi wo iu) - to complain | 愚痴を言って | 愚痴を言っていられない |
3. Comparative Analysis
～ていられない vs. ～てはいられない
- ～ていられない: Simply states that one cannot continue doing something.
- ～てはいられない: Adds emphasis, indicating stronger urgency or that one absolutely must not continue the action. Example:
- 遊んでいられない。
(I can't keep playing.) - 遊んではいられない。
(I absolutely can't keep playing.)
4. Examples in Context
Example Sentences
- こんなところで 立っていられない。
I can't stand around in a place like this. - 明日は試験だから、 遊んでいられない。
I have an exam tomorrow, so I can't afford to keep playing around. - 忙しくてテレビなんか 見ていられない。
I'm too busy to be watching TV or anything. - 彼は遅れているけど、 待っていられない。
He's running late, but I can't keep waiting. - そんなことで 悩んでいられない。
I can't be worrying about things like that.
Contextual Usage
- Formal Written:
非常時においては、詳細を検討していられない。
In times of emergency, we cannot be deliberating over details. - Informal Spoken:
早く行こう！もう待ってられないよ。
Let's go quickly! I can't wait any longer.
5. Cultural Notes
Cultural Relevance
In Japanese culture, there is a strong emphasis on time management and respecting others' time. Using ～ていられない reflects an awareness of urgency and a commitment to action, which aligns with societal values of efficiency and responsibility.
Idiomatic Expressions
- 悠長に構えていられない
Can't take things leisurely. - 寝ていられないほど忙しい
So busy that I can't even sleep.
6. Common Mistakes and Tips
Error Analysis
- Mistake: Using ～ている instead of ～ていられない when intending to express inability to continue an action.
- Incorrect: 待っている。 (I am waiting.)
- Correct: 待っていられない。 (I can't keep waiting.)
- Mistake: Confusing with potential form ～られる (can do).
- Incorrect: 待てられない。
- Correct: 待っていられない。
Learning Strategies
- Mnemonic Device: Remember that いられない comes from いる (to be) in negative potential form, indicating "cannot be (doing)".
- Tip: Associate ～ていられない with situations where you feel an urgency or pressing need to stop what you're doing.
7. Summary and Review
Key Takeaways
- ～ていられない expresses that one cannot continue doing something.
- Formed by adding いられない to the verb's て-form.
- Conveys urgency, impatience, or a need to change actions.
Quick Recap Quiz
- How do you form ～ていられない?
- Answer: Verb (て-form) + いられない
- Translate: もう待っていられないから、先に行くね。
- Answer: I can't keep waiting anymore, so I'll go ahead.
- True or False: ～ていられない can be used to express that you don't want to do something.
- Answer: False. It expresses that you cannot continue doing something, not that you don't want to.
Happy studying! Remember to practice by creating your own sentences using ～ていられない to internalize its usage.