Processing keyword: ～たびに (〜tabi ni)

Japanese Grammar Point: ～たびに (〜tabi ni)

1. Introduction

The grammar point ～たびに (〜tabi ni) is a useful expression in Japanese that translates to "every time" or "whenever" in English. It is used to indicate that whenever a certain action or event occurs, another action or event invariably follows.

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• ～たびに expresses the idea of "every time [A] happens, [B] also happens."
• It emphasizes a consistent correlation between two events or actions.

Structure

Formation

Verb/Noun Form	+	たびに
Verb (Dictionary Form)		たびに
Noun の	の	たびに

Diagram

[Verb (Dictionary Form)] + たびに + [Result]
         or
[Noun] + の + たびに + [Result]

Detailed Explanation

• Verb Usage: When using verbs, the dictionary form (basic form) is used before たびに.
  • Example: 行くたびに (iku tabi ni) - "every time (I) go"
• Noun Usage: When using nouns, add の before たびに.
  • Example: 旅行のたびに (ryokō no tabi ni) - "every time (I) travel"

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3. Comparative Analysis

～ときに (toki ni) vs. ～たびに (tabi ni)

• ～ときに means "when" and is used for single instances.
• ～たびに emphasizes repetition and consistent outcomes every time. Example:
• ときに: 学校に行くときに、雨が降った。
  "When I went to school, it rained."
• たびに: 学校に行くたびに、彼に会う。
  "Every time I go to school, I meet him."

～ごとに (goto ni) vs. ～たびに (tabi ni)

• ～ごとに means "every" or "at intervals of" and can indicate regular intervals.
• ～たびに focuses on each occurrence of an event leading to the same result.

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4. Examples in Context

1. Formal - Written
   • 新しい場所を訪れるたびに、新しい友達ができます。
     • At every time I visit a new place, I make new friends.
2. Informal - Spoken
   • 彼女は会うたびに、綺麗になっているね。
     • She gets more beautiful every time I see her, doesn't she?
3. Using Nouns
   • この曲を聞くたびに、大学時代を思い出す。
     • Every time I listen to this song, I recall my university days.
4. Expressing Negative Outcomes
   • 雨が降るたびに、試合が中止になる。
     • Every time it rains, the game gets canceled.
5. Idiomatic Expression
   • チャンスがあるたびに、挑戦するべきだ。
     • You should challenge yourself whenever you have a chance.

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5. Cultural Notes

Politeness and Formality

• ～たびに is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
• The level of politeness is adjusted by the verbs and endings used in the sentence.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 旅の恥はかき捨て (Tabi no haji wa kakisute)
  • Literally: "Leave behind the shame of travel"
  • Meaning: When traveling, you can act freely without worrying about reputation.

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Mistakes

1. Using the Wrong Verb Form
   • Incorrect: 行ったたびに
   • Correct: 行くたびに Use the dictionary form of the verb, not the past tense.
2. Omitting の with Nouns
   • Incorrect: 試験たびに緊張する。
   • Correct: 試験のたびに緊張する。 Remember to add の between a noun and たびに.

Tips

• Mnemonic Device: Think of たびに as "tabbing" through repeated actions—every time you "tab," something happens.
• Consistency: Associate たびに with events that consistently produce the same result each time they occur.

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ～たびに means "every time" or "whenever."
• Use Verb (Dictionary Form) + たびに or Noun + の + たびに.
• It emphasizes consistent and repeated outcomes.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb: 母は買い物に行く____、ケーキを買ってくる。
   • a) たびに
   • b) ときに
   • c) から
2. True or False: You can use the past tense of the verb before たびに.
3. Choose the correct sentence:
   • a) 旅行たびに、新しい文化を学ぶ。
   • b) 旅行のたびに、新しい文化を学ぶ。

Answers:

1. a) たびに
2. False
3. b) 旅行のたびに、新しい文化を学ぶ。

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Feel free to review this lesson and practice creating your own sentences using ～たびに.

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