Processing keyword: ～がち (〜gachi)

Japanese Grammar Point: ～がち (〜gachi)

1. Introduction

The suffix ～がち (〜gachi) is a useful grammar point in Japanese that expresses a tendency or frequency of a particular action or state, often with a negative connotation. It indicates that something happens often or someone tends to do something frequently, usually unintentionally.

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2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

• ～がち means "tend to ~", "be apt to ~", or "often ~".
• It is used to describe an action or state that occurs frequently or is likely to happen, often implying an undesirable tendency.

Structure

The formation of ～がち involves attaching it to the stem of a verb or to a noun.

Formation Diagram

Part of Speech	Formation
Verb	Verb Stem + がち
Noun	Noun + がち

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Note: The verb stem is the verb form without ます (for polite verbs) or the dictionary form minus the う sound.

Examples of Formation

• Verb Stem Example:
  • 忘れ (わすれ) + がち → 忘れがち (tend to forget)
• Noun Example:
  • 病気 (びょうき) + がち → 病気がち (tend to be sick frequently)

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3. Comparative Analysis

～がち vs. ～傾向がある (けいこうがある)

• ～がち implies a tendency based on habitual or frequent occurrence, often with a negative nuance.
• ～傾向がある means "have a tendency to ~" and is used in a broader sense, applicable to both positive and negative tendencies, and is more formal.

～がち vs. ～気味 (～ぎみ)

• ～がち indicates a stronger frequency or inclination toward an action or state.
• ～気味 means "a touch of ~" or "a little ~", implying a slight degree or hint of something.

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4. Examples in Context

Example Sentences

1. 仕事を休みがちです。 Shigoto o yasumi-gachi desu.
   • Translation: "I tend to take days off work often."
2. 最近、彼は遅刻しがちだ。 Saikin, kare wa chikoku shi-gachi da.
   • Translation: "Lately, he tends to be late frequently."
3. 雨の日は家にいがちです。 Ame no hi wa ie ni i-gachi desu.
   • Translation: "I tend to stay at home on rainy days."
4. 疲れていると忘れがちになる。 Tsukarete iru to wasure-gachi ni naru.
   • Translation: "When I'm tired, I tend to become forgetful."
5. 冬になると風邪をひきがちだ。 Fuyu ni naru to kaze o hiki-gachi da.
   • Translation: "In winter, I tend to catch colds easily."

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Context Variations

• Formal Spoken:
  • お客様は会議を欠席しがちでございます。 Okyakusama wa kaigi o kesseki shi-gachi de gozaimasu.
    • Translation: "The client tends to be absent from meetings."
• Casual Spoken:
  • 最近、食べすぎがちだから運動しないと。 Saikin, tabe-sugi-gachi dakara undō shinai to.
    • Translation: "I've been overeating lately, so I need to exercise."

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5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• In Japanese culture, there is an emphasis on being considerate and avoiding inconvenience to others. Using ～がち can softly acknowledge one's own shortcomings or habitual tendencies without being too direct.

Politeness Levels

• ～がち can be used in both formal and informal contexts. The level of politeness is adjusted through auxiliary verbs and formal expressions (e.g., です、ます).

Idiomatic Expressions

• ありがち
  • From ある (to exist) + がち
  • Meaning: Something that happens often; common occurrence.
  • Example: ミスは新人にありがちです。 Misu wa shinjin ni ari-gachi desu.
    • Translation: "Mistakes are common among newcomers."

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6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Using the Dictionary Form Instead of Verb Stem
   • Incorrect: 忘れるがち Wasureru-gachi
   • Correct: 忘れがち Wasure-gachi
2. Attaching ～がち to Adjectives
   • Incorrect: 疲れたがち Tsukareta-gachi
   • Correct Usage: Use with verb stem or noun.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Tip: Remember that ～がち attaches to the base form of a verb (verb stem) or directly to a noun, indicating a "gotcha" (がち) habit you tend to fall into.

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7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• ～がち expresses a tendency to do something often, usually with a negative or undesirable implication.
• It is formed by attaching がち to the verb stem or a noun.
• Be mindful not to attach がち to the dictionary form of verbs or adjectives.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you form ～がち with verbs?
   • Attach がち to the verb stem.
2. Translate to Japanese using ～がち:
   • "She tends to forget people's names." Answer: 彼女は人の名前を忘れがちだ。
3. True or False: ～がち can be used with adjectives.
   • Answer: False. It is used with verb stems and nouns.

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Feel free to revisit the examples and notes to strengthen your understanding of ～がち. Practice by creating your own sentences to describe tendencies in your daily life!

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