Processing keyword: い-Adjective く します (i-Adjective ku shimasu)

Japanese Grammar Point: い-Adjective く します (i-Adjective ku shimasu)

い-Adjective く します (i-Adjective + くします)

1. Introduction

In Japanese, the grammar pattern 〜くします is used to indicate making something change into a certain state described by an い-adjective. It translates to "make something [adjective]" or "make something become [adjective]" in English. This is a useful structure to express changes or adjustments to conditions, objects, or situations.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Meaning

The pattern い-adjective + くします means "to make [something] [adjective]" or "to turn [something] [adjective]".

Structure

To form this pattern, you:

1. Take an い-adjective.
2. Change the ending 〜い to 〜く.
3. Add します to the end.

Formation Diagram

[い-adjective] - い  +  く  +  します

Example Formation

• 大きい (big) ➔ 大き + く + します ➔ 大きくします (make [something] bigger)

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Patterns

• な-adjective + にします: For な-adjectives, you use 〜にします instead of 〜くします.
  • 静かにします (make [something] quiet)
• Noun + にします: You can also use 〜にします with nouns.
  • 部屋をきれいにします (make the room clean)

Key Differences

• い-adjectives use 〜くします.
• な-adjectives and nouns use 〜にします.

4. Examples in Context

Formal Situations

1. 音量を小さくします。
   • Onryō o chīsaku shimasu.
   • "I will turn down the volume."
2. 部屋を明るくしました。
   • Heya o akaruku shimashita.
   • "I made the room brighter."

Informal Conversations

1. テレビの音を大きくして。
   • Terebi no oto o ōkiku shite.
   • "Turn up the TV volume."
2. 髪を短くしたよ。
   • Kami o mijikaku shita yo.
   • "I cut my hair short."

Written Context

1. 生活習慣を健康的にし、体を強くします。
   • Seikatsu shūkan o kenkō-teki ni shi, karada o tsuyoku shimasu.
   • "By making lifestyle habits healthy, (one) strengthens the body."

Spoken Context

1. このスープ、もっと熱くしてください。
   • Kono sūpu, motto atsuku shite kudasai.
   • "Please make this soup hotter."

5. Cultural Notes

Politeness and Formality

• Using 〜くします is polite and commonly used in both formal and informal settings.
• Adding ください makes the request more polite: 〜くしてください.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 早くしてください。
  • "Please hurry up."
  • Common expression urging someone to do something quickly.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Common Errors

1. **Forgetting to change い to く:
   • Incorrect: 寒いします
   • Correct: 寒くします (make [something] cold)
2. **Using 〜くします with な-adjectives:
   • Incorrect: 静かくします
   • Correct: 静かにします (make [something] quiet)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember that い-adjectives end with い, and when you want to "make" something that adjective, you swap い with く.
  • い ➔ く before します.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• Use い-adjective + くします to express making something become a certain state.
• Change the 〜い at the end of the い-adjective to 〜く before adding します.
• For な-adjectives and nouns, use 〜にします instead.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How do you say "make the room warm"?
   • Answer: 部屋を暖かくします。(Heya o atatakaku shimasu.)
2. Fill in the blank: 音を_______してください。("Please make the sound quiet.")
   • Answer: 小さく (chisaku)
3. True or False: The adjective きれい uses 〜くします when using this grammar pattern.
   • Answer: False (It uses 〜にします because きれい is a な-adjective.)