Processing keyword: 除了...以外...还/也... (chúle... yǐwài... hái/yě...) - Besides... also...

Mandarin Grammar Point: 除了...以外...还/也... (chúle... yǐwài... hái/yě...) - Besides... also...

除了...以外...还/也... (chúle... yǐwài... hái/yě...)

1. Introduction

The structure 除了...以外...还/也... is used to express that in addition to something, there is also an additional element or action to consider. It's a way of saying "besides" or "in addition to."

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• 结构 (Structure):
  • 除了 (chúle) + Noun/Subject + 以外 (yǐwài) + 还/也 (hái/yě) + Verb/Complement
• Meaning:
  • 除了 (chúle) means "besides" or "other than."
  • 以外 (yǐwài) means "outside of" or "except."
  • 还 (hái) indicates "also" or "furthermore."
  • 也 (yě) also means "also," but it carries a slightly less formal tone than 还 (hái).

Formation Diagram

              除了
                 |
         +-------+-------+
         |               | 
       Noun/        以外 + Verb 
       Subject          |
                       +-------+
                       |       |
                     还      也

3. Comparative Analysis

• 与/和 (yǔ/hé): Both mean "and" in Chinese and do not include the notion of "besides" or "in addition to."
• 不但...而且... (bùdàn... érqiě...): This structure expresses "not only... but also...", which is more restrictive and emphasizes qualifications for both clauses. 除了...以外... adds further information to already stated points.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:
   • 除了中文以外，我还会说英语。
   • (Chúle zhōngwén yǐwài, wǒ hái huì shuō yīngyǔ.)
   • Translation: Besides Chinese, I can also speak English.
2. Informal Context:
   • 除了看电影，我也喜欢听音乐。
   • (Chúle kàn diànyǐng, wǒ yě xǐhuān tīng yīnyuè.)
   • Translation: Besides watching movies, I also like to listen to music.
3. Written Context:
   • 除了科学，现代教育也强调艺术的重要性。
   • (Chúle kēxué, xiàndài jiàoyù yě qiángdiào yìshù de zhòngyàoxìng.)
   • Translation: In addition to science, modern education also emphasizes the importance of art.
4. Spoken Context:
   • 我们昨天除了吃饭，也去看了球赛。
   • (Wǒmen zuótiān chúle chīfàn, yě qù kànle qiúsài.)
   • Translation: Yesterday, besides eating, we also went to watch the game.

5. Cultural Notes

In Chinese culture, expressing additional qualifications or details is often seen as a sign of thoroughness. Using 除了...以外... can show politeness and consideration by acknowledging multiple aspects of a topic.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 除了...以外，没别的选择 (Chúle... yǐwài, méi bié de xuǎnzé.)
  • Translation: Besides..., there are no other choices.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Incorrect: 除了我以外你也要去。
  • (Should be: 除了我以外，你还要去。)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "除了" means "besides," and try associating it with "additional" things to guide your usage.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 除了...以外...还/也... is used to indicate addition and comparison.
• The structure is flexible and can be used in various contexts.
• Understanding the nuances of 还 and 也 helps in choosing the right tone for your sentences.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What is the meaning of 除了 in this structure?
2. Give an example sentence using 除了...以外...还.
3. What’s the main difference between 还 and 也 in this context? Feel free to review the examples and take the quiz to reinforce your understanding!