Processing keyword: 照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

Mandarin Grammar Point: 照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

Introduction

"照" (zhào) is a versatile preposition in Mandarin that generally conveys the meaning of "according to" or "in accordance with." It is commonly used to indicate that something is based on specific information, standards, or instructions.

Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

"照" (zhào) is used to express the idea that an action or statement adheres to particular criteria or sources. It can often be followed by a noun or phrase that specifies what is being referred to.

• Structure:
  • 原形 (subject) + 照 + [source or standard] + (verb phrase)

Meaning, Structure, and Formation Diagram

• Meaning: To indicate that actions or feelings are in line with certain standards or according to certain information.
• Structure:
  1. Subject
  2. 照 (zhào)
  3. [Source/Standard]
  4. Verb Phrase

Formation Diagram

[Subject] + 照 + [Source/Standard] + [Action/State]

Visual Aids

Comparative Analysis

"照" (zhào) is similar to other prepositions like "根据" (gēn jù) meaning "according to" or "based on." However, the nuances can differ:

• "根据" (gēn jù) emphasizes the source and is often used in more formal contexts.
• "照" (zhào) is generally more direct and used in the context of following procedures or instructions.

Differences Simplified

Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal:
   • 照公司规定，所有员工必须按时上班。
   • (Zhào gōngsī guīdìng, suǒyǒu yuángōng bìxū ànshí shàngbān.)
   • Translation: According to company regulations, all employees must arrive at work on time.
2. Informal:
   • 我照你的建议去买东西。
   • (Wǒ zhào nǐ de jiànyì qù mǎi dōngxī.)
   • Translation: I bought things according to your suggestions.
3. Written:
   • 照调查结果，越来越多的人选择远程工作。
   • (Zhào diàochá jiéguǒ, yuè lái yuè duō de rén xuǎnzé yuǎnchéng gōngzuò.)
   • Translation: According to the survey results, more and more people are choosing remote work.
4. Spoken:
   • 照我说的做就行了。
   • (Zhào wǒ shuō de zuò jiù xíngle.)
   • Translation: Just do it according to what I said.

Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

The use of "照" (zhào) reflects a respect for authority and guidelines in Chinese culture. It shows that a person is following established norms or instructions, which is an important aspect of social conduct in many contexts.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

Using "照" (zhào) can vary in politeness based on the context. In more official settings, "根据" (gēn jù) may be preferred to show greater respect.

Idiomatic Expressions

1. 照此行事 (zhào cǐ xíngshì) - Act according to this.
2. 照样 (zhào yàng) - In the same way or likewise.

Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Wrong Usage: Confusing "照" (zhào) with "根据" (gēn jù) in contexts that require formality.
• Structure Confusion: Failing to include a proper source or context after "照."

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "照" as the "guide" that directs you to act according to something.
• Tip: Practice creating sentences with "照" for different contexts to solidify its usage.

Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• "照" (zhào) means "according to" or "in accordance with."
• It indicates that actions or statements follow set standards or information.
• It is similar to "根据" (gēn jù) but often used in more everyday contexts.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does "照" (zhào) generally mean in English?
2. Provide a sentence using "照" (zhào) in a formal context.
3. How does "照" (zhào) differ from "根据" (gēn jù)? Feel free to ask if you have any questions or need further assistance in mastering this grammar point! Processing keyword: 照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

Mandarin Grammar Point: 照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

HSK Grammar Point: 照 (zhào) - According to, In accordance with

1. Introduction

The word 照 (zhào) is a versatile preposition in Mandarin that indicates “in accordance with” or “according to.” It is commonly used to express conformity to rules, agreements, or standards. Understanding how to use 照 is essential for clear communication in both formal and informal contexts.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: 照 is used to indicate that an action is done based on a certain principle, guideline, or reference.

• Structure: The typical structure is:

  照 + Reference/Guideline + Verb Phrase
  

Formation Diagram

[照] + [Reference/Guideline] + [Action/Verb Phrase]

Examples of Reference/Guideline

• 法律 (fǎ lǜ) - the law
• 合同 (hé tóng) - contract
• 规定 (guī dìng) - regulations
• 情况 (qíng kuàng) - situation

3. Comparative Analysis

照 (zhào) vs. 根据 (gēn jù)

1. 照 (zhào)
   • Focuses on conformity to guidelines or rules.
   • Used more in direct references to guidelines.
2. 根据 (gēn jù)
   • Means "based on" and more often relates to factual basis or reasoning.
   • Used to introduce the basis for an argument or claim. Example Comparison:

• 照法律，我们必须遵守规则。(According to the law, we must follow the rules.)
• 根据法律，人们有权利提起诉讼。(Based on the law, people have the right to sue.)

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:
   • 照合同的规定，我需要在下周完成项目。(According to the stipulations of the contract, I need to complete the project by next week.)
2. Informal Context:
   • 照她说的，我们晚上一起吃饭。(According to what she said, we are having dinner together tonight.)
3. Written Chinese:
   • 照科学家的研究结果，这种疫苗是安全的。(According to the results of the scientists' research, this vaccine is safe.)
4. Spoken Chinese:
   • 照你说的，明天去看电影吧。(According to you, let’s go watch a movie tomorrow.)

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

The use of 照 reflects the importance of rules and guidelines in Chinese culture, emphasizing communal unity and harmony. Adhering to rules is often viewed as a way to maintain social order and is respected across formal settings, such as business or law.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

Using 照 is generally considered formal, and it is appropriate in professional communication. It displays respect towards rules or agreements.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 照章办事 (zhào zhāng bàn shì) - to handle matters according to regulations.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Mistake: Confusing 照 with 根据.
   • Correction: Remember, 照 is more about following guidelines, while 根据 relates to evidence or reasoning.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Imagine "照" as a guiding light shining on rules, helping you see what to follow.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 照 (zhào) means "according to" and is used to indicate conformity with a guideline or principle.
• It is distinct from 根据 (gēn jù), which emphasizes the factual basis of an argument.
• Use 照 in formal contexts to show respect for established norms.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. How would you use 照 in a sentence about the law?
2. What’s the difference between 照 and 根据?
3. Give an example where 照 can be used in an informal conversation. Feel free to explore more examples or ask for clarifications on any points discussed! Processing keyword: 照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

Mandarin Grammar Point: 照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

照 (zhào) - According to, in accordance with

Introduction

The grammar point 照 (zhào) is used to express the idea of "according to" or "in accordance with" in Mandarin Chinese. This expression is often used to refer to sources of information or guidelines.

Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

照 (zhào) is typically used before a noun phrase to indicate that the information being stated follows a particular guideline or source. It conveys a sense of agreement with the content or behavior specified by the noun following it.

Structure:

• 照 + Noun (Source/Guideline) + Verb/Statement Examples:
• 照你说的 (According to what you said)
• 照学校的规定 (In accordance with the school's regulations)

Formation Diagram

照 (zhào)
   |
   +-- Noun (Source/Guideline)
   |        |
   |        +-- Verb/Statement

Comparative Analysis

照 (zhào) is often compared with phrases like 根据 (gēnjù) and 按照 (ànzhào), which also mean "according to."

• 根据 (gēnjù): Emphasizes the basis of an argument or statement.

  • Example: 根据调查，75%的人喜欢健身 (According to the survey, 75% of people like exercising).

• 按照 (ànzhào): Stresses compliance with rules or regulations.

  • Example: 按照合同，我们应该在下个月付款 (According to the contract, we should make the payment next month).

Key Differences:

• 照 (zhào) often has a more informal tone and is used in casual speech.
• 根据 (gēnjù) is frequently used in formal contexts, especially in writing.
• 按照 (ànzhào) indicates action taken in accordance with set rules or regulations.

Examples in Context

Sentence Examples:

1. Formal:

   • 照政府的要求，所有企业必须减少排放。
     (According to the government's requirements, all companies must reduce emissions.)

2. Informal:

   • 照你讲的，我应该早点去见她。
     (According to what you said, I should go see her earlier.)

3. Written:

   • 照法律规定，任何人不得随意倾倒垃圾。
     (According to legal regulations, no one may dispose of garbage arbitrarily.)

4. Spoken:

   • 照我认识的那个朋友，他非常擅长画画。
     (According to my friend I know, he is very good at painting.)

Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

Using 照 (zhào) reflects a respect for authority or established norms, which is significant in Chinese culture where harmony and consensus are valued.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

Using 照 (zhào) in formal situations may come off as too casual; hence knowing when to use it versus 根据 (gēnjù) or 按照 (ànzhào) is important.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 照例 (zhào lì) - As usual
  • Example: 照例，我每晚都去跑步。
    (As usual, I go running every evening.)

Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Omitting the noun:
  • Incorrect: 照，我很忙。 (Missing a noun)
  • Correct: 照他的建议，我很忙。 (According to his suggestion, I am very busy.)

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Associate 照 (zhào) with "following a light" where you are literally "following" information.

Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 照 (zhào) means "according to" and is used to refer to guidelines or information.
• It can be confused with 根据 (gēnjù) and 按照 (ànzhào), but each has its unique context of use.
• It reflects cultural norms regarding respect for authority.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does 照 (zhào) mean in English?
2. How does 照 (zhào) differ from 根据 (gēnjù)?
3. Create a sentence using 照 (zhào) correctly.