Processing keyword: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, based on

Mandarin Grammar Point: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, based on

根据 (gēnjù) - According to, Based on

1. Introduction

The term 根据 (gēnjù) is a crucial grammar point in Mandarin that translates to "according to" or "based on" in English. It is commonly used in both spoken and written Chinese to reference sources of information, opinions, or reasoning.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

根据 can function as a preposition or verb, indicating the source upon which conclusions, decisions, or statements are made.

• Structure:

  • According to the general usage, it follows this basic pattern:
    根据 + (source) + (statement)

• Formation Diagram:

  根据 
     ↓
  Source → Statement
  

Meaning

在根据之前, 句子通常需要，例如：

• Based on a report.
• According to my friend.

Where:

• 根据 (gēnjù) - according to/based on
• Source - document, person, idea
• Statement - the information you derive from the source

3. Comparative Analysis

Compared with similar grammar points:

• 依照 (yīzhào): This also means "according to," but it may have a more formal or legal connotation.
  • Example: 依照相关法律 (according to relevant laws)
• 按照 (ànzhào): Similar to 根据 but often emphasizes following certain rules or guidelines.
  • Example: 按照要求 (according to requirements)

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

• Formal: 根据昨天的报告，销售额增加了。
  According to yesterday's report, sales have increased.
• Informal: 根据我朋友的说法，这家餐厅很好。
  Based on what my friend said, this restaurant is great.
• Written: 根据统计数据，人口增长速度减缓。
  According to statistical data, the population growth rate has slowed down.
• Spoken: 根据你告诉我的，我会 reconsider my plans.
  Based on what you told me, I will reconsider my plans.

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

• In Chinese culture, referencing credible sources carries much weight in conversations, especially in formal contexts. Using 根据 shows that the speaker values factual authority.

Levels of Politeness and Formality

• Depending on the context, 将根据 (jiāng gēnjù - will be based on) can be seen as more polite and formal in written communication than simply using 根据.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 根据实际情况: "based on the actual situation" - often used in discussions about policies or procedures.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mistake: Using 根据 without a clear source.

  • Correction: Always specify the source (e.g., 根据他的意见).

• Mistake: Confusing 根据 and 依照, where the latter should be used in more formal/legal contexts.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Think of "根据" as the "ground" or "basis" of your understanding (根 means root) to recall its purpose of supporting statements.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 根据 (gēnjù) means "according to" or "based on."
• It indicates the source that supports a statement or conclusion.
• Used in both formal and informal settings, requiring clear source attribution.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does 根据 (gēnjù) mean in English?
2. How would you use 根据 in a sentence?
3. What is a more formal alternative to 根据? By understanding 根据, students can navigate conversations and writing with better accuracy and credibility in Mandarin. Processing keyword: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, based on

Mandarin Grammar Point: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, based on

根据 (gēnjù) - According to, Based on

Introduction

The term 根据 (gēnjù) is a commonly used preposition in Mandarin Chinese that translates to "according to" or "based on" in English. It is used to indicate the source or basis of information, and it helps to express opinions, conclusions, or actions that rely on certain facts or references.

Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

• Meaning: 根据 (gēnjù) indicates that something is derived from a particular source or reference point.
• Structure:
  • Generally used as:
    • 根据 + source + verb/subject + (object)

Formation Diagram

根据 (gēnjù) + Source + Verb/Subject + (Object)
Example: 根据天气预报，我们今天不去。 
        (According to the weather report, we will not go today.)

Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

• 靠 (kào): This also means "to rely on" or "to depend on" but is often more personal, while 根据 is more commonly used for information and references.
• 按 (àn): This means "according to" too, but is often used in more formal contexts or with regulations.

  Grammar Point	Meaning	Usage Context	Examples
  根据 (gēnjù)	According to, Based on	General information	根据报告，我明天到达。
  靠 (kào)	Rely on / Depend on	Personal reliance	我靠朋友帮我做。
  按 (àn)	According to (formal)	Rules or regulations	按法律，他应该被处罚。

Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:
   • 根据最新的研究，这种药物是有效的。
   • (According to the latest research, this medication is effective.)
2. Informal Context:
   • 根据我的经验，这种食物很好吃。
   • (Based on my experience, this food is very delicious.)
3. Written Context:
   • 根据这份报告，我们需要修改计划。
   • (According to this report, we need to revise the plan.)
4. Spoken Context:
   • 哥哥说，根据他的说法，明天会下雨。
   • (My brother said, according to what he said, it will rain tomorrow.)

Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Chinese culture, the source of information often carries significant weight. Using 根据 shows that you are relying on credible sources, which is viewed positively. It's important to cite sources when making statements that could influence decision-making.

Idiomatic Expressions

While 根据 is not part of an idiomatic expression, the phrase "根据个人经验" (based on personal experience) is frequently used in discussions, emphasizing individual networking or stories.

Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

1. Misplacement: Sometimes learners place 根据 too far from the verb or incorrectly in the sentence structure.
   • Correct: 根据天气预报，今天是晴天.
   • Incorrect: 今天是晴天，根据天气预报.
2. Confusing Usage: Using 根据 when kào would be more appropriate in personal reliance contexts.

Learning Strategies

• Mnemonic Device: Remember "gēnjù" as "going by" something.
• Visualize it as a line: "According to" - it connects your source to your subject.

Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 根据 (gēnjù) means "according to" or "based on."
• It is used to cite sources and provide justification for statements.
• Important for both formal and informal communication.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does 根据 mean in English?
2. In what context would you use 根据?
3. What's the difference between 根据 and 靠?

Answers to Quiz

1. According to, based on.
2. To refer to sources of information or conclusions.
3. 根据 is for citing information, while 靠 is more about personal reliance. Processing keyword: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, based on

Mandarin Grammar Point: 根据 (gēnjù) - According to, based on

根据 (gēnjù) - According to, Based on

1. Introduction

The Chinese phrase 根据 (gēnjù) means "according to" or "based on." It is commonly used to indicate the source or basis of information, opinions, or actions.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

根据 (gēnjù) acts as a preposition that introduces a clause or phrase providing the basis for a statement. It can be followed by a noun, noun phrase, or a complete clause.

Structure:

• 根据 + noun (e.g., 根据报告 gēnjù bàogào - according to the report)
• 根据 + noun phrase (e.g., 根据你的意见 gēnjù nǐ de yìjiàn - based on your opinion)
• 根据 + clause (e.g., 根据我所知道的 gēnjù wǒ suǒ zhīdào de - according to what I know)

Formation Diagram:

 根据
   ├── Noun
   ├── Noun Phrase
   └── Clause

3. Comparative Analysis

Similar Grammar Points

• 依照 (yīzhào): Similar to 根据, but tends to imply legal or official directives (e.g., 依照法律 yīzhào fǎlǜ - according to the law).
• 根据与 (gēnjù yǔ) can also imply "according to" but is less common in usage. Differences:
• 根据 is more general and can be used in various contexts, while 依照 has a more formal and legal connotation.

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:
   • 根据最新的数据，我们应该调整我们的计划。
   • Gēnjù zuìxīn de shùjù, wǒmen yīnggāi tiáozhěng wǒmen de jìhuà.
   • "According to the latest data, we should adjust our plans."
2. Informal Context:
   • 根据你的建议，我决定买这本书。
   • Gēnjù nǐ de jiànyì, wǒ juédìng mǎi zhè bēn shū.
   • "Based on your suggestion, I decided to buy this book."
3. Written Context:
   • 根据调查结果，我们发现了几个关键问题。
   • Gēnjù diàochá jiéguǒ, wǒmen fāxiànle jǐgè guānjiàn wèntí.
   • "According to the survey results, we identified several key issues."
4. Spoken Context:
   • 根据我知道的事情，他已经离开了。
   • Gēnjù wǒ zhīdào de shìqíng, tā yǐjīng líkāile.
   • "According to what I know, he has already left."

5. Cultural Notes

Cultural Relevance

In Chinese culture, providing a basis for claims or opinions is considered important for credibility. Using 根据 shows that one's statements are backed by facts or respected sources, which aligns with the value placed on trustworthiness and reliability.

Idiomatic Expressions

• 根据事实 (gēnjù shìshí): "based on facts"
• 根据个人经验 (gēnjù gèrén jīngyàn): "based on personal experience"

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Mixing 根据 with similar phrases incorrectly (e.g., using it where 依靠 (yīkào), meaning "rely on," would be more appropriate).
• Omitting a noun or noun phrase, leading to unclear statements.

Learning Strategies

• Remember that 根据 is used to cite sources or bases for statements. Mnemonic: Think of "gens" in "gēnjù" as "genuine sources."

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 根据 (gēnjù) is a way to indicate the source of information.
• It is versatile, applicable in formal and informal situations.
• Distinguishing between 根据 and other similar terms helps with nuanced understanding.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. What does 根据 (gēnjù) mean?
2. In what scenarios is 根据 used?
3. How is 根据 different from 依照 (yīzhào)?