Processing keyword: 可是 (kěshì) - But, however

Mandarin Grammar Point: 可是 (kěshì) - But, however

HSK Grammar Point: 可是 (kěshì) - But, however

1. Introduction

The word 可是 (kěshì) is a conjunction in Mandarin that translates to "but" or "however" in English. It's used to indicate contrast or contradiction between two statements.

2. Core Grammar Explanation

Detailed Explanation

可是 (kěshì) is used to connect two clauses where the second clause presents an opposing idea or situation to the first. It adds nuance to the conversation by highlighting differences or exceptions.

Structure

The structure of a sentence using 可是 (kěshì) is quite simple:

• Clause 1 + 可是 (kěshì) + Clause 2

Formation Diagram

[Clause 1] + 可是 (kěshì) + [Clause 2]
     ↑                        ↑
[First statement]    [Contrasting statement]

3. Comparative Analysis

可是 (kěshì) can be compared with another conjunction: 但是 (dànshì), which also means "but" or "however." Both can be used interchangeably, but 可是 (kěshì) tends to be slightly more informal and conversational, while 但是 (dànshì) is often used in more formal contexts. | Conjunction | Usage | Formality Level | |-------------|---------------------------------------------|------------------| | 可是 (kěshì) | Used in casual conversations | Informal | | 但是 (dànshì) | More commonly found in writing and formal speech | Formal |

4. Examples in Context

Sentence Examples

1. Formal Context:
   • 这本书很有趣，可是我没有时间看。(Zhè běn shū hěn yǒuqù, kěshì wǒ méiyǒu shíjiān kàn.)
   • This book is very interesting, but I don’t have time to read it.
2. Informal Context:
   • 我很喜欢这家餐厅，可是菜有点贵。(Wǒ hěn xǐhuān zhè jiā cāntīng, kěshì cài yǒudiǎn guì.)
   • I really like this restaurant, but the food is a bit expensive.
3. Written Context:
   • 他的计划很好，可是执行起来有困难。(Tā de jìhuà hěn hǎo, kěshì zhíxíng qǐlái yǒu kùnnán.)
   • His plan is good, but it is difficult to implement.
4. Spoken Context:
   • 我想去旅行，可是我没有钱。(Wǒ xiǎng qù lǚxíng, kěshì wǒ méiyǒu qián.)
   • I want to travel, but I don’t have money.

5. Cultural Notes - If applicable

Cultural Relevance

Using 可是 (kěshì) in conversations indicates a level of politeness when expressing disagreement or contrast. In Chinese culture, it's important to maintain harmony in communication, so using conjunctions that soften the contrast, like 可是 (kěshì), aligns with social norms.

Idiomatic Expressions

A common phrase involving 可是 (kěshì) is:

• 可是我还是想去。(Kěshì wǒ háishì xiǎng qù.)
• But I still want to go.

6. Common Mistakes and Tips

Error Analysis

• Incorrect Usage: Some learners might use 可是 (kěshì) at the beginning of a sentence, similar to how "but" can start a sentence in English. This is less common in Mandarin and could sound awkward.
• Tip: Always use 可是 (kěshì) to connect two separate clauses.

Learning Strategies

Remembering the context is key:

• Think of 可是 (kěshì) as BUT that connects two thoughts or viewpoints, highlighting disagreement or a shift in discussion.

7. Summary and Review

Key Takeaways

• 可是 (kěshì) is used to connect contrasting ideas.
• It is slightly informal compared to 但是 (dànshì).
• It maintains a polite tone when expressing contrasting views.

Quick Recap Quiz

1. Translate the following: 我想喝咖啡，可是没有钱。(Wǒ xiǎng hē kāfēi, kěshì méiyǒu qián.)
2. Which is more formal: 可是 (kěshì) or 但是 (dànshì)?
3. Create a sentence using 可是 (kěshì) in a context of your choice. Feel free to answer these questions to reinforce your understanding!